Atomically Dispersed Ru Species Induced by Strong Metal-Support Interaction for Electrochemical Methane Reforming.

During the high-temperature oxygen evolution reaction for CO electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs), the key elementary process of O transfer is restricted by the high anodic oxygen pressure thermodynamically, thus requiring a high external voltage [open-circuit voltage (OCV)] to drive the electrolysis reaction. Herein, electrochemical CH reforming is introduced to the SOEC anode, which remarkably lowers the anodic oxygen pressure and OCV, finally reducing the energy demand from 3.12 to 0.

In Situ Self-Assembled Active and Stable Ir@MnO/LaSrCrIrO Interfaces for CO Electrolysis.

Solid oxide electrolysis cells are prospective approaches for CO utilization but face significant challenges due to the sluggish reaction kinetics and poor stability of the fuel electrodes. Herein, we strategically addressed the long-standing trade-off phenomenon between enhanced exsolution and improved structural stability via topotactic ion exchange. The surface dynamic reconstruction of the MnO/LaSrCrIrO (LSCIr) catalyst was visualized at the atomic scale.

Surface Activation by Single Ru Atoms for Enhanced High-Temperature CO Electrolysis.

Cathodic CO adsorption and activation is essential for high-temperature CO electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). However, the component of oxygen ionic conductor in the cathode displays limited electrocatalytic activity. Herein, stable single Ruthenium (Ru) atoms are anchored on the surface of oxygen ionic conductor (Ce Sm O , SDC) via the strong covalent metal-support interaction, which evidently modifies the electronic structure of SDC surface for favorable oxygen vacancy formation and enhanced CO adsorption and activation, finally evoking the electrocatalytic activity of SDC for high-temperature CO electrolysis.

electrochemical reconstruction of SrFeIrMoO perovskite cathode for CO electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cells.

Solid oxide electrolysis cells provide a practical solution for the direct conversion of CO to other chemicals (i.e. CO), however, an in-depth mechanistic understanding of the dynamic reconstruction of active sites for perovskite cathodes during CO electrolysis remains a great challenge.

Tailoring Ion Ordering in Perovskite Oxide for High-Temperature Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Perovskites exhibit excellent high-temperature oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities as the anodes of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). However, the relationship between ion ordering and OER performances is rarely investigated. Herein, a series of PrBaCo Fe O perovskites with tailored ion orderings are constructed.

A metagenome-wide association study of the gut microbiota in recurrent aphthous ulcer and regulation by thalidomide.

Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU), one of the most common diseases in humans, has an unknown etiology and is difficult to treat. Thalidomide is an important immunomodulatory and antitumor drug and its effects on the gut microbiota still remain unclear. We conducted a metagenomic sequencing study of fecal samples from a cohort of individuals with RAU, performed biochemical assays of cytokines, immunoglobulins and antimicrobial peptides in serum and saliva, and investigated the regulation effects of thalidomide administration and withdrawal.

Redox-manipulated RhO nanoclusters uniformly anchored on SrFeRhMoO perovskite for CO electrolysis.

The sluggish reaction kinetics of CO electroreduction in perovskite-based cathodes severely limits the efficiency of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). The construction of the high-density active sites on the perovskite surface is crucial for promoting CO electrolysis in SOEC. In this study, we explore a redox-induced redispersion strategy to produce RhO nanoclusters uniformly anchored on a SrFeRhMoO (SFRhM) perovskite surface with a high density of 36,000 µm.

Promoting exsolution of RuFe alloy nanoparticles on SrFeRuMoO via repeated redox manipulations for CO electrolysis.

Metal nanoparticles anchored on perovskite through in situ exsolution under reducing atmosphere provide catalytically active metal/oxide interfaces for CO electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cell. However, there are critical challenges to obtain abundant metal/oxide interfaces due to the sluggish diffusion process of dopant cations inside the bulk perovskite. Herein, we propose a strategy to promote exsolution of RuFe alloy nanoparticles on SrFeRuMoO perovskite by enriching the active Ru underneath the perovskite surface via repeated redox manipulations.

Accelerating Faceting Wide-Field Imaging Algorithm with FPGA for SKA Radio Telescope as a Vast Sensor Array.

The SKA (Square Kilometer Array) radio telescope will become the most sensitive telescope by correlating a huge number of antenna nodes to form a vast array of sensors in a region over one hundred kilometers. Faceting, the wide-field imaging algorithm, is a novel approach towards solving image construction from sensing data where earth surface curves cannot be ignored. However, the traditional processor of cloud computing, even if the most sophisticated supercomputer is used, cannot meet the extremely high computation performance requirement.

Platinum-Decorated Ceria Enhances CO Electroreduction in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells.

CO electroreduction by solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) can not only attenuate the greenhouse effect, but also convert surplus electrical energy into chemical energy. The adsorption and activation of CO on the cathode play an important role in the SOEC performance. La Sr Co Fe O -Ce Sm O (LSCF-SDC; SDC=samarium-doped ceria) is a promising SOEC cathode.

Atomic-Scale Insight into Exsolution of CoFe Alloy Nanoparticles in La Sr Co Fe Mo O with Efficient CO Electrolysis.

In situ exsolution of metal nanoparticles in perovskite under reducing atmosphere is employed to generate a highly active metal-oxide interface for CO electrolysis in a solid oxide electrolysis cell. Atomic-scale insight is provided into the exsolution of CoFe alloy nanoparticles in La Sr Co Fe Mo O (LSCFM) by in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The doped Mo atoms occupy B sites of LSCFM, which increases the segregation energy of Co and Fe ions at B sites and improves the structural stability of LSCFM under a reducing atmosphere.

In Situ Investigation of Reversible Exsolution/Dissolution of CoFe Alloy Nanoparticles in a Co-Doped Sr Fe Mo O Cathode for CO Electrolysis.

Reversible exsolution and dissolution of metal nanoparticles in perovskite has been investigated as an efficient strategy to improve CO electrolysis performance. However, fundamental understanding with regard to the reversible exsolution and dissolution of metal nanoparticles in perovskite is still scarce. Herein, in situ exsolution and dissolution of CoFe alloy nanoparticles in Co-doped Sr Fe Mo O (SFMC) revealed by in situ X-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and density functional theory calculations are reported.

Interfacial Enhancement by γ-Al O of Electrochemical Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane to Ethylene in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells.

Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODE) is limited by the facile deep oxidation and potential safety hazards. Now, electrochemical ODE reaction is incorporated into the anode of a solid oxide electrolysis cell, utilizing the oxygen species generated at anode to catalytically convert ethane. By infiltrating γ-Al O onto the surface of La Sr Co Fe O -Sm Ce O (LSCF-SDC) anode, the ethylene selectivity reaches as high as 92.

High-Temperature CO Electrolysis in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells: Developments, Challenges, and Prospects.

High-temperature CO electrolysis in solid-oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) could greatly assist in the reduction of CO emissions by electrochemically converting CO to valuable fuels through effective electrothermal activation of the stable CO bond. If powered by renewable energy resources, it could also provide an advanced energy-storage method for their intermittent output. Compared to low-temperature electrochemical CO reduction, CO electrolysis in SOECs at high temperature exhibits higher current density and energy efficiency and has thus attracted much recent attention.

Effects of Candida albicans infection on defense effector secretion by human oral mucosal epithelial cells.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Candida albicans on the production of defense effector molecules by human oral mucosal epithelial cells in vitro.

Design: Immortalized human oral mucosal epithelial (Leuk-1) cells and C. albicans strain 5314 were cocultured at different cell-to-C.

Frequencies of abnormal humoral and cellular immune component levels in peripheral blood of patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration.

Background/purpose: Recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) has an incidence of approximately 20% in general population. However, its exact cause remains unknown. Increasing evidence suggests that immunologic mechanisms may play crucial roles in the etiology of this disease.

Oxygen Evolution Reaction over the Au/YSZ Interface at High Temperature.

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a sluggish electrocatalytic reaction in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) at high temperatures (600-850 °C). Perovskite oxide has been widely investigated for catalyzing the OER; however, the formation of cation-enriched secondary phases at the oxide/oxide interface blocks the active sites and decreases OER performance. Herein, we show that the Au/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) interface possesses much higher OER activity than the lanthanum strontium manganite/YSZ anode.

Powder sum-frequency generation as a versatile method for infrared optical alignment.

The sum-frequency generation (SFG) in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) powder with μm-grade particle size is successfully demonstrated under various experimental conditions. Two focused beams of 870 nm and 1369 nm are used for SFG excitation. SFG is observed under different excitation energies.

MC-LR Exposure Leads to Subfertility of Female Mice and Induces Oxidative Stress in Granulosa Cells.

Health risk of human exposure to microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) has aroused more and more attention over the past few decades. In the present study, MC-LR was orally administered to female mice at 0, 1, 10 and 40 μg/L for three and six months. We found that chronic exposure to MC-LR at environmental levels could stimulate follicle atresia and lead to decreased developmental follicles, accompanied by a reduction of gonadosomatic index (GSI).