Evolutionary cues of gene fusion and fission in plants.

Here, we systematically analyzed the potential fusion and fission events of neighboring genes in Arabidopsis genome and analyzed the influence on the protein targeting.

Identification of the CsFtsH genes from Camellia sinensis reveals its potential role in leaf color phenotype.

The filamentation temperature-sensitive H (FtsH) metalloprotease participates in the chloroplast photosystem II (PSII) repair cycle, playing a crucial role in regulating leaf coloration. However, the evolutionary history and biological function of the FtsH family in albino tea plants are still unknown. In this study, 35 CsFtsH members, including 7 CsFtsH-like (CsFtsHi1-CsFtsHi7) proteins, mapping onto 11 chromosomes in 6 subgroups, were identified in the 'Shuchazao2' tea genome, and their exon/intron structure, domain characteristics, collinearity, protein interaction network, and secondary structure were comprehensively analyzed.

Deconvolution Enhancement Keypoint Network for Efficient Fish Fry Counting.

Fish fry counting has been vital in fish farming, but current computer-based methods are not feasible enough to accurately and efficiently calculate large number of fry in a single count due to severe occlusion, dense distribution and the small size of fish fry. To address this problem, we propose the deconvolution enhancement keypoint network (DEKNet), a method for fish fry counting that features a single-keypoint approach. This novel approach models the fish fry as a point located in the central part of the fish head, laying the foundation for our innovative counting strategy.

An Improved Method for Broiler Weight Estimation Integrating Multi-Feature with Gradient Boosting Decision Tree.

Broiler weighing is essential in the broiler farming industry. Camera-based systems can economically weigh various broiler types without expensive platforms. However, existing computer vision methods for weight estimation are less mature, as they focus on young broilers.

Automatic Penaeus Monodon Larvae Counting via Equal Keypoint Regression with Smartphones.

Today, large-scale monodon farms no longer incubate eggs but instead purchase larvae from large-scale hatcheries for rearing. The accurate counting of tens of thousands of larvae in these transactions is a challenging task due to the small size of the larvae and the highly congested scenes. To address this issue, we present the Penaeus Larvae Counting Strategy (PLCS), a simple and efficient method for counting monodon larvae that only requires a smartphone to capture images without the need for any additional equipment.

Exploring the RNA Editing Events and Their Potential Regulatory Roles in Tea Plant ( L.).

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification process that alters the RNA sequence relative to the genomic blueprint. In plant organelles (namely, mitochondria and chloroplasts), the most common type is C-to-U, and the absence of C-to-U RNA editing results in abnormal plant development, such as etiolation and albino leaves, aborted embryonic development and retarded seedling growth. Here, through PREP, RES-Scanner, PCR and RT-PCR analyses, 38 and 139 RNA editing sites were identified from the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of , respectively.

Fine-Grained Butterfly Recognition via Peer Learning Network with Distribution-Aware Penalty Mechanism.

Automatic species recognition plays a key role in intelligent agricultural production management and the study of species diversity. However, fine-grained species recognition is a challenging task due to the quite diverse and subtle interclass differences among species and the long-tailed distribution of sample data. In this work, a peer learning network with a distribution-aware penalty mechanism is proposed to address these challenges.

N-doped carbon fibers in situ prepared by hydrothermal carbonization of Camellia sinensis branches waste for efficient removal of heavy metal ions.

N-doped carbon fibers (NCFs) were in situ prepared by Camellia sinensis branches waste through hydrothermal carbonization with urea/ZnCl at 160-280 °C under 0.8-8.9 MPa.

Holstein Cattle Face Re-Identification Unifying Global and Part Feature Deep Network with Attention Mechanism.

In precision dairy farming, computer vision-based approaches have been widely employed to monitor the cattle conditions (e.g., the physical, physiology, health and welfare).

Essential Roles of the Linker Sequence Between Tetratricopeptide Repeat Motifs of Ethylene Overproduction 1 in Ethylene Biosynthesis.

Ethylene Overproduction 1 (ETO1) is a negative regulator of ethylene biosynthesis. However, the regulation mechanism of ETO1 remains largely unclear. Here, a novel allele () was isolated with typical triple phenotypes due to an amino acid substitution of G480C in the uncharacterized linker sequence between the TPR1 and TPR2 motifs.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Gene Family and Expression Analysis under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Tea Plants ().

The transcription factor family, derived from transposases, plays important roles in light signal transduction, and in the growth and development of plants. However, the homologous genes in tea plants have not been studied. In this study, 25 genes were identified in the tea plant genome through a genome-wide study, and were classified into five subgroups based on their phylogenic relationships.

Structural analysis and heavy metal adsorption of N-doped biochar from hydrothermal carbonization of Camellia sinensis waste.

N-doped biochar as adsorption material for heavy metal removal has attracted increasing concern in environmental application due to its unique features. Here, N-doped biochar was prepared by hydrothermal carbonization of Camellia sinensis branch waste using KOH/NHCl at 120-280 °C for 2 h under 0.4-6.

Urea/ZnCl in situ hydrothermal carbonization of Camellia sinensis waste to prepare N-doped biochar for heavy metal removal.

Environmental benefits of biochar require a simple and effective method for preparation of functional N-doped biochar. In this study, urea/ZnCl was developed to prepare N-doped biochar via in situ hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of Camellia sinensis waste at 120-280 °C for 2 h under 1.0-9.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Eterusia aedea (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae) and comparison with other zygaenid moths.

Zygaenidae comprises >1036 species, including many folivorous pests in agriculture. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of a major pest of tea trees, Eterusia aedea was determined. The 15,196-bp circular genome contained the common set of 37 mitochondrial genes (including 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes) and exhibited the similar genomic features to reported Zygaenidae mitogenome.

Alternative splicing affects the targeting sequence of peroxisome proteins in Arabidopsis.

A systematic analysis of the Arabidopsis genome in combination with localization experiments indicates that alternative splicing affects the peroxisomal targeting sequence of at least 71 genes in Arabidopsis. Peroxisomes are ubiquitous eukaryotic cellular organelles that play a key role in diverse metabolic functions. All peroxisome proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and target to peroxisomes mainly through two types of targeting signals: peroxisomal targeting signal type 1 (PTS1) and PTS2.

[Engineering of a flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase from tea plant (Camellia sinensis) for biosynthesis of B-3',4'-dihydroxylated flavones].

Objective: A flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase from tea plant was engineered to synthesize B-3',4'-dihydroxylated flavones such as eriodictyol, dihydroquercetin and quercetin.

Methods: Four articifical P450 constructs harboring both flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene from Camellia sinensis (CsF3'H) and P450 reductase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (ATR1 or ATR2) were introduced into Escherichia coli strains TOP10, DH5α and BL21, resultantly engineering strains S1 to S12. The plasmid pYES-Dest52-CsF3'H harboring CsF3'H gene was introduced into yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae WAT11 designated as strain S13.

Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl xylan-g-poly(propylene oxide) and its application in films.

Carboxymethyl xylan-g-poly(propylene oxide) (CMX-g-PPO) was successfully synthesized by grafting poly(propylene oxide) chains onto xylan from bamboo using the Al(Oi-Pr)3 initiated ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxides, followed by carboxymethylation with sodium chloroacetate under microwave irradiation. The synthesized CMX-g-PPO was well characterized by FT-IR, (13)C NMR, and AFM. The AFM imaging showed that the average sizes of xylan were 422.

Arabidopsis FHY3/CPD45 regulates far-red light signaling and chloroplast division in parallel.

CPD45 (chloroplast division45),which is also known as FHY3 (far-red elongated hypocotyl3), is a key factor in the far-red light signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. We previously showed that FHY3/CPD45 also regulates chloroplast division. Because light is also a regulator of chloroplast development and division, we sought to clarify the relationship between far-red light signaling and chloroplast division pathways.

Arabidopsis FRS4/CPD25 and FHY3/CPD45 work cooperatively to promote the expression of the chloroplast division gene ARC5 and chloroplast division.

ARC5 is a dynamin-related GTPase essential for the division of chloroplasts in plants. The arc5 mutant frequently exhibits enlarged, dumbbell-shaped chloroplasts, indicating a role for ARC5 in the constriction of the chloroplast division site. In a screen for chloroplast division mutants with a phenotype similar to arc5, two mutants, cpd25 and cpd45, were obtained.

Genetic mapping and isolation of two arc3 alleles in Arabidopsis.

KEY MESSAGE : Two new alleles of arc3 in Arabidopsis thaliana, arc3-4 and arc3-5, were isolated in the Columbia-0 ecotype. The mutants were characterized in detail using microscopy and molecular techniques. Chloroplasts are essential organelles for photosynthesis in plant cells.