Surface-Enriched Room-Temperature Liquid Bismuth for Catalytic CO Reduction.

Bismuth-based electrocatalysts are effective for carbon dioxide (CO) reduction to formate. However, at room temperature, these materials are only available in solid state, which inevitably suffers from surface deactivation, declining current densities, and Faradaic efficiencies. Here, the formation of a liquid bismuth catalyst on the liquid gallium surface at ambient conditions is shown as its exceptional performance in the electrochemical reduction of CO (i.

Visible-light-induced C(sp)-H bromination of 4-methylthiophene derivatives with HBr/HO.

A convenient method to synthesize ethyl 4-(bromomethyl)thiophene-3-carboxylate derivatives has been developed a visible-light-induced radical process in good yields and with wide functional group tolerance under air conditions and at ambient temperature. The present protocol has the advantages of a high atom economy, easy purification, and environmental friendliness as it employs HBr as the bromine source and the cheap and low-toxic HO as the oxidant. The synthetic utility of this method is demonstrated by a gram scale reaction and its application in the innovative synthesis of the clinical drug relugolix.

A simple and accurate ratiometric sensor for determination of dopamine based on dual-emission carbon dots.

Dopamine (DA) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays critical roles in many biological processes. The dysfunctions of the DA system are closely associated with several nervous system diseases. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a simple and accurate method for DA analysis.

Ratiometric fluorescence detection of Hg based on gold nanocluster/carbon quantum dots nanohybrids.

Ratiometric fluorescence sensing methods are widely used in analysis and detection due to their high sensitivity and stability. In this work, a ratiometric fluorescence method for sensitive detection of Hg was established using a gold nanoclusters/carbon quantum dots (AuNCs/CQDs) nanohybrid probe. The AuNCs/CQDs nanohybrids probe were simply constructed by mixing blue-light-emitting gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) with an orange-emissive carbon quantum dots (CQDs).

A Review of Dual-Emission Carbon Dots and Their Applications.

Carbon dots (CDs), as a rising star among fluorescent nanomaterials with excellent optical properties and fascinating dual-emission characteristics, have attracted increasing attention in sensing, bio-imaging, drug delivery, and so on. The synthesis of dual-emission CDs (DE-CDs) and the establishment of ratiometric fluorescence sensors can effectively diminish background interference and provide more accurate results than single-emission CDs. Although DE-CDs have generated increased attention in many fields, the review articles about DE-CDs are still insufficient.

Lewis Acid Catalyzed [4 + 2] Annulation of Propargylic Alcohols with 2-Vinylanilines.

An elegant Lewis acid catalyzed, protection-free, and straightforward synthetic strategy for the assembly of a series of sophisticated polycyclic quinoline skeletons employing propargylic alcohols and 2-vinylanilines as the substrates in the presence of Yb(OTf) (10 mol %) and AgOTf (10 mol %) in tetrahydrofuran has been described. This annulation protocol, which proceeds through a sequential Meyer-Schuster rearrangement/nucleophilic substitution/deprotonation sequence, provides a versatile, practical, and atom-economical approach for accessing quinoline derivatives in moderate-to-good yields.

Mucin Glycans: A Target for Cancer Therapy.

Mucin glycans are an important component of the mucus barrier and a vital defence against physical and chemical damage as well as pathogens. There are 20 mucins in the human body, which can be classified into secreted mucins and transmembrane mucins according to their distributions. The major difference between them is that secreted mucins do not have transmembrane structural domains, and the expression of each mucin is organ and cell-specific.

New synthetic approaches toward OCF-containing compounds.

Fluorinated organic compounds are an important class of organic molecules and play a key role in both academic and industrial communities due to the unique nature of fluorine. Among the fluorine-containing functional groups, the OCF group is of vital importance because of its favorable physicochemical properties, so it frequently acts as the pivotal skeletal motif in a broad spectrum of pharmaceutical molecules, agrochemicals, natural products, and materials. Over the past few decades, a wider range of strategies for the efficient, versatile, and practical synthesis of trifluoromethoxylated compounds have been the focus of a number of research initiatives.

The change of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with risk of incident diabetes.

Background & Aims: The effect of change in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) status on incident diabetes has not been well studied. We aimed to investigate the association of NAFLD development and remission with the risk of incident diabetes during a median of 3.5-year follow-up.

Fasting serum fructose is associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: A prospective study.

Aim: The association between sugar-sweetened beverages and metabolic disorders has been well studied. However, it has not been determined whether fasting serum fructose is associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).

Methods: Participants were enrolled from 2011 to 2012 in Shanghai.

A Sweet Warning: Mucin-Type O-Glycans in Cancer.

Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification process of proteins. Mucin-type O-glycosylation is an O-glycosylation that starts from protein serine/threonine residues. Normally, it is involved in the normal development and differentiation of cells and tissues, abnormal glycosylation can lead to a variety of diseases, especially cancer.

Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Heck Dearomative Alkenylation of Indoles with -Tosylhydrazones.

An elegant Pd-catalyzed intramolecular Heck dearomative alkenylation of aryl iodides with functionalized -tosylhydrazones proceeded through a sequential dearomative carbopalladation, migratory insertion, and β-hydride elimination in the presence of Pd(CFCOO) (10 mol %), PPh (30 mol %), and CsCO (2.0 equiv) in 1,4-dioxane (2.0 mL) at 120 °C for 14 h under an argon atmosphere.

Visible-Light-Induced Oxyalkylation of 1,2,4-Triazine-3,5(2, 4)-diones with Ethers Oxidative Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling.

An efficient and convenient method to synthesize 6-oxyalkylated 1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2, 4)-diones has been developed visible-light-induced cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction between 1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2, 4)-diones and ethers with a wide range of functional group tolerance. The present transformation employs the cheap and low-toxic 2--butylanthraquinone as a metal-free photocatalyst and air as a green oxidant at room temperature. Moreover, this reaction can also be driven by sunlight as a clean energy resource.

Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Layers against Sialic Acid on Silica-Coated Polystyrene Cores-Assessment of the Binding Behavior to Cancer Cells.

Sialic acid (SA) is a monosaccharide usually linked to the terminus of glycan chains on the cell surface. It plays a crucial role in many biological processes, and hypersialylation is a common feature in cancer. Lectins are widely used to analyze the cell surface expression of SA.

Photocatalytic Oxidative Bromination of 2,6-Dichlorotoluene to 2,6-Dichlorobenzyl Bromide in a Microchannel Reactor.

Photocatalytic oxidative benzylic bromination with hydrobromic acid (HBr) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a green process for the synthesis of benzyl bromides, but suffers from the risk of explosion when performing it in a batch reactor. This disadvantage could be overcome by running the reaction in a microchannel reactor. In this work, a green and safe process for the synthesis of 2,6-dichlorobenzyl bromide (DCBB) was developed by conducting selective benzylic bromination of 2,6-dichlorotoluene (DCT) with HO as an oxidant and HBr as a bromine source in a microchannel reactor under light irradiation.

Primary Amination of ArP(O)-H with (NH)CO as an Ammonia Source under Simple and Mild Conditions and Its Extension to the Construction of Various P-N or P-O Bonds.

A facile and efficient method for the synthesis of primary phosphinamides from ArP(O)-H reagents with stable and readily available ammonium carbonate as an ammonia source is disclosed herein for the first time. This ethyl bromoacetate-mediated primary amination proceeds smoothly under mild and simple conditions, without any metal catalyst or oxidant. Moreover, this method is also appropriate for the reaction of ArP(O)-H with a variety of amines, alcohols, and phenols to construct P-N or P-O bonds, with features of handy operation, good functional group tolerance, and broad substrate scope.

Installation of O-glycan sulfation capacities in human HEK293 cells for display of sulfated mucins.

The human genome contains at least 35 genes that encode Golgi sulfotransferases that function in the secretory pathway, where they are involved in decorating glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids, and glycoproteins with sulfate groups. Although a number of important interactions by proteins such as selectins, galectins, and sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins are thought to mainly rely on sulfated O-glycans, our insight into the sulfotransferases that modify these glycoproteins, and in particular GalNAc-type O-glycoproteins, is limited. Moreover, sulfated mucins appear to accumulate in respiratory diseases, arthritis, and cancer.

Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Intramolecular Dearomative Heck Annulation of Aryl Halides to Furnish Indolines.

An unprecedented Pd-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular cascade cyclization of aryl halides with readily available arylboronic acids proceeds through a Heck-type dearomative cyclization terminated with arylation in the presence of Pd(dba) (10 mol %), CuO (5 mol %), and CsCO (2.0 equiv) in 1,2-dichloroethane (1.0 mL) at 100 °C for 15 h in air using BINOL-based phosphoramidite as the chiral ligand.

Visible-Light-Induced C(sp)-C(sp) Cross-Dehydrogenative-Coupling Reaction of -Heterocycles with -Alkyl--methylanilines under Mild Conditions.

Disclosed herein is a cross-dehydrogenative-coupling reaction of -heterocycles including 1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2, 4)-diones and quinoxaline-2(1)-ones with -methylanilines to form C(sp)-C(sp) under visible-light illumination and ambient air at room temperature. In this process, easily available Ru(bpy)Cl·6HO serves as the catalyst, and air acts as the green oxidant. This method features high atom economy, environmental friendliness, and convenient operation and provides an efficient and practical access to aminomethyl-substituted -heterocycles with extensive functional group compatibility in 40-86% yields.

A Green, Economic "Switch-On" Sensor for Cefixime Analysis Based on Black Soya Bean Carbon Quantum Dots.

Background: Cefixime is a third-generation oral cephalosporin antibiotic widely used to treat bacterial infections. Typical methods for cefixime analysis use expensive instruments or sophisticated experimental procedures, and thus a sensitive and practical method is urgently needed for cefixime detection and analysis.

Objective: To develop a sensitive and robust cefixime "switch-on" sensor based on carbon quantum dots (CQDs).

Photocatalytic performance and mechanism insights of a S-scheme g-CN/BiMoO heterostructure in phenol degradation and hydrogen evolution reactions under visible light.

Photocatalysis with potentially low cost and sustainable utilization is a typically environmentally benign method for the degradation of organic pollutants, but the rational design and fabrication of photocatalysts with high catalytic performance is still an enormous challenge. The efficient segregation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in photocatalysts is a key and essential factor to decide photocatalytic activity. Herein, a novel Step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction photocatalyst, a g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6 (g-CN/BMO) composite, was successfully fabricated using g-C3N4 nanosheet-wrapped Bi2MoO6 microspheres.

Direct Introduction of Sulfonamide Groups into Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones by Cu-Catalyzed C3-H Functionalization.

Direct sulfonamidation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-one derivatives has been developed using a readily available Cu salt as the catalyst and inexpensive ammonium persulfate as the oxidant in moderate conditions. Owing to the feature of handy operation and good functional group tolerance, this method provides a convenient and efficient access to curative 3-sulfonamidated quinoxalin-2(1H)-one scaffolds.