Moderating effect of a sodium-rich diet on the association between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and blood lipids in children and adolescents.

Background: Several studies reported that exposure to higher levels of fine particulate matter (PM) was associated with deteriorated lipid profiles in children and adolescents. However, whether a sodium-rich diet could modify the associations remains unknown. We aimed to examine the associations of long-term exposure to PM with blood lipids in children and adolescents, and further examine the effect modification by dietary and urinary sodium levels based on a multi-community population in China.