The SRC/NF-κB-AKT/NOS3 axis as a key mediator of Kaempferol's protective effects against oxidative stress-induced osteoclastogenesis.

Background: Osteoclasts are integral to the advancement of osteoporosis (OP), and their generation under conditions of oxidative stress (OS) involves various pathways. However, the specific mechanism through which the natural antioxidant kaempferol (KAE) mitigates the influence of OS on osteoclasts remains somewhat uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the effect of KAE on osteoclast formation under OS and explore its possible mechanism.

From waste to wonder: exploring the hypoglycemic and anti-oxidant properties of corn processing by-products.

The industrial processing of corn ( L.) generates by-products such as corn silk, straw peels, and straw core, which contribute to adverse environmental impacts. Our study aimed to investigate sustainable approaches for mitigating these effects by evaluating the hypoglycemic potential and mechanisms of ethyl acetate fractions derived from these corn derivatives.

Repurposing mebendazole against triple-negative breast cancer CNS metastasis.

Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) often metastasizes to the central nervous system (CNS) and has the highest propensity among breast cancer subtypes to develop leptomeningeal disease (LMD). LMD is a spread of cancer into leptomeningeal space that speeds up the disease progression and severely aggravates the prognosis. LMD has limited treatment options.

Repurposing mebendazole against triple-negative breast cancer leptomeningeal disease.

Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype that often metastasizes to the brain. Leptomeningeal disease (LMD), a devastating brain metastasis common in TNBC, has limited treatment options. We sought to test whether the common anti-helminthic drug mebendazole (MBZ) may be effective against murine TNBC LMD.

Exploring Asthma Mechanism of Belamcanda Chinensis by "Dose-effect Weighted Coefficient" Network Pharmacology and Experiment Validation.

Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that seriously endangers human health. Belamcanda chinensis (BC), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to counteract asthma as it has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and regulatory immunity properties.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of action of BC in the treatment of asthma; a "dose-effect weighted coefficient" network pharmacology method was established to predict potential active compounds.

Study of the Mechanism of Astragali Radix in Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Renal Protection Based on Enzyme Activity, Network Pharmacology, and Experimental Verification.

Astragali Radix (AR) is a common Chinese medicine and food. This article aims to reveal the active role of AR in treating Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its renal protective mechanism. The hypoglycemic active fraction was screened by α-glucosidase and identified by UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS spectrometry.

Mechanism of action of Huangbaichen Sanwei formulation in treating T2DM based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Huangbaichen Sanwei formulation (HBCS) has been reported to have a good hypoglycemic effect, but its pharmacological mechanism of action remains unclear. We used network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the potential mechanism of action of HBCS against type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fifty-five active components from HBCS interfered with T2DM.

Case Report: Successful Use of BRAF/MEK Inhibitors in Aggressive BRAF-mutant Craniopharyngioma.

Background: Although a benign intracranial tumor, craniopharyngioma treatment has always been considered a challenging clinical problem. Recently, BRAF V600E mutation in the pathogenesis of papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP) has been further revealed. Thus, BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) serve as an applicable treatment for patients with PCP.

Tumor-associated macrophage-related strategies for glioma immunotherapy.

High-grade glioma is one of the deadliest primary tumors of the central nervous system. Despite the many novel immunotherapies currently in development, it has been difficult to achieve breakthrough results in clinical studies. The reason may be due to the suppressive tumor microenvironment of gliomas that limits the function of specific immune cells (e.

UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-Based Cell Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Mechanism of N-Benzylhexadecanamide Isolated from Maca ( Walp.) against Testicular Dysfunction.

Testicular dysfunction (TDF) is characterized by testosterone deficiency and is caused by oxidative stress injury in Leydig cells. A natural fatty amide named N-benzylhexadecanamide (NBH), derived from cruciferous maca, has been shown to promote testosterone production. Our study aims to reveal the anti-TDF effect of NBH and explore its potential mechanism in vitro.

Loss of furin site enhances SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudovirus infection.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has a significant impact on healthcare systems all around the world. Due to its high pathogenicity, live SARS-CoV-2 must be handled under biosafety level 3 conditions. Pseudoviruses are useful virological tools because of their safety and versatility, but the low titer of these viruses remains a limitation for their more comprehensive applications.

Screening of the Active Compounds against Neural Oxidative Damage from Ginseng Phloem Using UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS Coupled with the Content-Effect Weighted Method.

The neuroprotective properties of ginsenosides have been found to reverse the neurological damage caused by oxidation in many neurodegenerative diseases. However, the distribution of ginsenosides in different tissues of the main root, which was regarded as the primary medicinal portion in clinical practice was different, the specific parts and specific components against neural oxidative damage were not clear. The present study aims to screen and determine the potential compounds in different parts of the main root in ginseng.

Evaluation of B7-H3 Targeted Immunotherapy in a 3D Organoid Model of Craniopharyngioma.

A craniopharyngioma (CP) is a rare epithelial tumor of the sellar and parasellar region. CPs are difficult to treat due to their anatomical proximity to critical nervous structures, which limits the ability of the surgeon to completely resect the lesion, exposing patients to a high risk of recurrence. The treatment of craniopharyngiomas is primarily surgery and radiotherapy.

Lipid Nanoparticle Delivery System for mRNA Encoding B7H3-redirected Bispecific Antibody Displays Potent Antitumor Effects on Malignant Tumors.

The therapeutic use of bispecific T-cell engaging (BiTE) antibodies has shown great potential for treating malignancies. BiTE can simultaneously engage CD3ε on T cells and tumor antigen on cancer cells, thus exerting an effective antitumor effect. Nevertheless, challenges in production, manufacturing, and short serum half-life of BiTE have dampened some of the promise and impeded the pace of BiTE-based therapeutics to combat diseases.

Expression and clinical significance of VISTA, B7-H3, and PD-L1 in glioma.

Immune checkpoint (IC) therapy has led to a breakthrough in cancer treatment. However, the interaction of ICs is controversial in glioma. We detected features of ICs using transcriptome data and a multicolor immunofluorescence assay.

[Targeted Drug Therapy for Intracranial Tumors].

Intracranial tumors seriously affect the physical and mental health of humans. Due to variations in the nature and the growth site of tumors, individualized and specific treatment of patients with intracranial tumor has become a hotspot topic of research, and targeted drug therapy of intracranial tumors, an important subspecialty of precision medicine, has become a key issue that scientists are working hard to tackle. At present, the rapid development in molecular biology and genomics has provided corresponding targets for precision therapies of tumors.

Hyaluronic Acid-Conjugated Nanoparticles for the Targeted Delivery of Cabazitaxel to CD44-Overexpressing Glioblastoma Cells.

In decades, the efficiency of glioma therapy is far from satisfaction due to the inability of most therapeutics to accumulate at the glioblastoma (GBM) site. Therefore, it is urgent to develop novel tumor-targeted delivery systems for more optimized and effective glioma treatment. In this study, hyaluronic acid modified MPEG-PDLLA polymer (HAML) nanoparticles were used to encapsulate the cabazitaxel (Cab), creating Cab loaded HAML nanoparticles (Cab/HAML NPs) for glioma therapy both and MTT assay and apoptotic study indicated Cab/HAML NPs induced a significant cell growth inhibition and more apoptosis of C6 cells than free Cab study showed that Cab/HAML NPs could significantly improve chemotherapeutic effect to C6 tumor-bearing rats compared with free Cab.

A Tumor-Specific Ferric-Coordinated Epigallocatechin-3-gallate cascade nanoreactor for glioblastoma therapy.

Introduction: Numerous options for treatment of glioblastoma have been explored; however, single-drug therapies and poor targeting have failed to provide effective drugs. Chemotherapy has significant antitumor effect, but the efficacy of single-drug therapies in the clinic is limited over a long period of time. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are necessary to address these critical issues.

Lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma in the central nervous system: An unusual case report.

Rationale: Lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma (LPRM) is a rare meningioma characterized by significant infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes, and changes in the ratio of meningeal epithelial components. According to the World Health Organization, tumors of the central nervous system are classified as grade I tumors.

Patient Concerns: A 44-year-old man presented to our department with complaints of limb weakness accompanied by hand numbness.

Characterization of novel CTNNB1 mutation in Craniopharyngioma by whole-genome sequencing.

Background: Craniopharyngioma (CP) is rare histologically benign but clinically challenging tumor because of its intimate relationship with the critical structure in the central brain. CP can be divided into two major histologic subtypes: adamantinomatous-type CP (ACP) and papillary-type CP (PCP). Although some genetic aberrations for both categories have been revealed in previous studies, the complete spectrum of genetic changes of this tumor remains unknown.

A Novel Brain-Permeant Chemotherapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Brain Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Development of metastases to central nervous system (CNS) is an increasing clinical issue following the diagnosis of advanced breast cancer. The propensity to metastasize to CNS varies by breast cancer subtype. Of the four breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) have the highest rates of both parenchymal brain metastasis and leptomeningeal metastasis (LM).

Fn14-targeted BiTE and CAR-T cells demonstrate potent preclinical activity against glioblastoma.

T cell-engaging therapies involving bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells have achieved great success in the treatment of hematological tumors. However, the paucity of ideal cell surface molecules that can be targeted on glioblastoma (GBM) partially reduces the immunotherapeutic efficacy. Recently, high expression of Fn14 has been reported in several solid tumors, so the strategy of exploiting this specific antigen for GBM immunotherapy is worth studying.