Paeoniflorin ameliorates depressive-like behavior in prenatally stressed offspring by restoring the HPA axis- and glucocorticoid receptor- associated dysfunction.

Background: Prenatal stress (PS) can increase the risk of nervous, endocrine and metabolic diseases and induce depression in offspring. Paeoniflorin (PA) is an amorphous glucoside isolated from the aqueous extract of roots of the peony plant (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) and exerts various pharmacological effects in the nervous system.

Icariin ameliorates learning and memory impairments through ERK/CaMKIIα/CREB signaling and HPA axis in prenatally stressed female offspring.

Background: Prenatal stress (PS) leads to a wide variety of behavioral and emotional aberration observed in later life, particularly in the impairment of spatial learning and memory in offspring. Icariin (ICA) is a naturally occurring furanocoumarin and exhibits many pharmacological properties, including potent improvement on learning and memory.

Purpose: We pretend to investigate the improvement of ICA on learning and memory impairment in PS.

Determination and Safety Assessment of Residual Spirotetramat and Its Metabolites in Amaranth () and Soil by Liquid Chromatography Triple-Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

With the purpose of guaranteeing the safe use of spirotetramat and preventing its potential health threats to consumers, a QuEChERS extraction method coupled with LC triple-quadrupole tandem MS was applied in this study to determine residual spirotetramat metabolites in different tissues of amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) and in soil. The results indicate that the spirotetramat degraded into different types of metabolites that were located in different tissues of amaranth and in soil. B-keto, B-glu, and B-enol were the three most representative degradation products in the leaf of amaranth, and B-glu and B-enol were the two major degradation products found in the stem of amaranth; however, only B-enol was detected in the root of amaranth.