Acute and subacute inhalation toxicity assessment of WS-23 in Sprague-Dawley rats.

2-isopropyl-N,2,3-trimethylbutyramide (WS-23) is a well-known artificial synthesis cooling agent widely used in foods, medicines, and tobaccos. As a commonly cooling agent in e-cigarette liquids, WS-23 has led to concerns about the inhalation toxicity with the prosperous of e-cigarettes in recent years. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the acute and subacute inhalation toxicity of WS-23 in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines.

Common Variant in TREM1 Influencing Brain Amyloid Deposition in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease.

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM1) has been reported to associate with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Recently, TREM1 variant rs2234246 was reported to regulate TREM-1 protein and mRNA levels. We explored the effect of rs2234246 on AD specific biomarker (amyloid-β PET) to look into the role of this TREM1 locus in AD pathogenesis.