Dual inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway: a phase 1 trial evaluating bevacizumab and AZD2171 (cediranib) in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Background: The current study was conducted to evaluate the safety and biological activity of dual inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway with combined bevacizumab and cediranib (a VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor).

Methods: This was a 3 + 3 dose escalation study in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cediranib was given orally daily for 21 days and bevacizumab intravenously every 2 weeks.

Antigen binding of human IgG Fabs mediate ERK-associated proliferation of human breast cancer cells.

Serum-circulating antibody can be linked to poor outcomes in some cancer patients. To investigate the role of human antibodies in regulating tumor cell growth, we constructed a recombinant cDNA expression library of human IgG Fab from a patient with breast cancer. Clones were screened from the library with breast tumor cell lysate.

Tumor lysate-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in multiple myeloma: promising effector cells for immunotherapy.

The idiotype protein, secreted by myeloma plasma cells, is a tumor-specific but weak antigen. Idiotype-based immunotherapy has been explored in myeloma patients with disappointing results. It is conceivable that myeloma cells contain a multitude of tumor antigens that can more effectively stimulate antitumor T cells.

Malignancy: Idiotypic Immune Targeting of Multiple Myeloma.

Immunotherapy of malignant diseases remains a major therapeutic challenge. In multiple myeloma, interests have been focussed primarily on the targeting of the idiotypic protein since it represents one of the few tumor specific antigens. Various vaccination strategies have been employed, including the use of naked protein, protein conjugated to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin and, most recently, vaccine delivered via dendritic cells.