An anatomical study of the tibial nerve branches innervating the posterior tibial artery.

The arteries of the lower limbs are innervated by vascular branches (VBs) originating from the lumbar sympathetic trunk and branches of the spinal nerve. Although lumbar sympathectomy is used to treat nonreconstructive critical lower limb ischemia (CLLI), it has limited long-term effects. In addition, the anatomical structure of tibial nerve (TN) VBs remain incompletely understood.

A composite gluteofemoral flap for reconstruction of large pressure sores over the sacrococcygeal region.

Background And Aim: Gigantic pressure sores pose a daunting challenge for plastic surgeons. This paper presents a composite gluteofemoral flap for reconstruction of large pressure sores over the sacrococcygeal region.

Methods: In this anatomical study, 30 embalmed cadaveric lower limbs were used for dissection to observe the musculocutaneous perforators of the inferior gluteal artery and the longitudinal nutritional vascular chain of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve.

Revisit of the anatomy of the distal perforator of the descending genicular artery and clinical application of its perforator "propeller" flap in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects around the knee.

Purpose: In this article,we revisited the anatomy of the distal perforator of the descending genicular artery (DGA) and report the clinical application of its perforator propeller flap in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects around the knee.

Methods: Forty fresh human lower limbs were dissected to redefine the anatomy of the branches of the DGA and their perforators and the anatomical landmarks for clinical applications. Five patients underwent "propeller" distal anteromedial thigh (AMT) flaps based on DGA perforators for the reconstruction of post-traumatic (n = 4) and post-oncologic (n = 1) soft tissue defects occurring near the knee with a size ranging from 4.

The ulnar palmar perforator flap: anatomical study and clinical application.

Background: Defects sustained at the little finger and the ulnar aspect of the hand are common and pedicled perforator flaps have unique advantages in resurfacing it. The purpose of this study is to reappraise the anatomy of the septocutaneous perforator in the postero-medial aspect of the hand and present our clinical experience in using perforator flaps based on it.

Methods: This study was divided into anatomical study and clinical application.

The posterolateral mid-forearm perforator flap: anatomical study and clinical application.

Background: Defects sustained at the distal forearm are common and pedicled perforator flaps have unique advantages in resurfacing it. The purpose of this study is to reappraise the anatomy of the perforator in the posterolateral aspect of the mid-forearm and present our clinical experience on using perforator flaps based on it for reconstruction of defects in the distal forearm.

Methods: This study was divided into anatomical study and clinical application.

Modified deep iliac circumflex osteocutaneous flap for extremity reconstruction: anatomical study and clinical application.

Background: The classic deep iliac circumflex osteocutaneous flap with iliac crest has been one of the most commonly used flaps for mandibular reconstruction since its advent. However, the unnecessary bulk of the 'obligatory muscle cuff' limited its widespread use. The authors describe in this article the use of a modified deep iliac circumflex osteocutaneous flap with reduced bulk and great mobility between the skin and the bone components.

A novel in vivo technique for observations of choke vessels in a rat skin flap model.

Background: Choke vessels are reduced-caliber vessels that link adjacent vascular territories throughout the body. The behavior of choke vessels determines flap survival. Therefore, it is important to develop a reliable technique with which to study these vessels.

Convenient coverage of soft-tissue defects around the knee by the pedicled vastus medialis perforator flap.

Various reconstructive methods have been reported for coverage of soft-tissue defects around the knee; however, there is still no report about the pedicled vastus medialis perforator flap; hence, this article aims to elaborate on this approach for resurfacing of defects around the knee. From January 2010 to December 2010, six patients with defect size ranging from 5.0 × 3.

Vasculature at the medial aspect of the foot and clinical application of flaps based on it for forefoot reconstruction.

Background: Detailed knowledge of the vasculature of the medial aspect of the foot has rarely been reported, but it is of tremendous importance for harvesting the flap in this area to cover defects of the foot and hand. Repair of soft-tissue defects at the dorsal forefoot remains a challenge in reconstructive surgery. The authors describe the use of the distally based saphenous neurovenofasciocutaneous flap at the medial aspect of the foot to cover this region.