Depletion of Microglia Attenuates Dendritic Spine Loss and Neuronal Apoptosis in the Acute Stage of Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice.

Microglia are the primary immune cells in the central nervous system and undergo significant morphological and transcriptional changes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, their exact contribution to the pathogenesis of TBI is still debated and remains to be elucidated. In the present study, thy-1 GFP mice received a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor (PLX3397) for 21 consecutive days, then were subjected to moderate fluid percussion injury (FPI).

Mild hypothermia reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and improves neuronal functions after severe traumatic brain injury.

Background: Mild hypothermia is wildly used in clinical treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the effect of mild hypothermia on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis after severe TBI is still unknown.

Methods: In the present study, we used BALB/c mice to investigate the efficacy of posttraumatic mild hypothermia in reducing ER stress.

The Surgical Treatment of Posttraumatic Skull Base Defects with Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak.

 The objective was to explore further the surgical treatment of posttraumatic skull base defects with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and to identify the most common factors affecting the surgical treatment of posttraumatic skull base defect with CSF leak retrospectively.  This study included 144 patients with head trauma having skull base defect with CSF leak who had been surgically treated at Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from 1998 to June 2016. There were 113 (78.

A simple classification of cranial-nasal-orbital communicating tumors that facilitate choice of surgical approaches: analysis of a series of 32 cases.

Cranial-nasal-orbital communicating tumors involving the anterior and middle skull base are among the most challenging to treat surgically, with high rates of incomplete resection and surgical complications. Currently, there is no recognized classification of tumors with regard to the choice of surgical approaches. From January 2004 to January 2014, we classified 32 cranial-nasal-orbital communicating tumors treated in our center into three types according to the tumor body location, scope of extension and direction of invasion: lateral (type I), central (type II) and extensive (type III).

Functionalized nano-graphene oxide particles for targeted fluorescence imaging and photothermy of glioma U251 cells.

Aim: This study was to prepare the functionalized nano-graphene oxide (nano-GO) particles, and observe targeted fluorescence imaging and photothermy of U251 glioma cells under near infrared (NIR) exposure.

Material And Methods: The functionalized nano-GO-Tf-FITC particles were prepared and then were incubated with U251 glioma cells. Estimation of CCK8 cell activity was adopted for measurement of cytotoxicity.

miR-21 induces cell proliferation and suppresses the chemosensitivity in glioblastoma cells via downregulation of FOXO1.

miR-21 shares a potential oncogenic function. The overexpression of miR-21 was common in glioblastoma, which is the most common lethal primary intracranial tumor. The study aimed at miR-21 effect on Glioblastoma cell line A172 of proliferation, apoptosis, and chemosensitivity and its definite mechanism of target gene FOXO1.