Acidobacteria as the dominant microorganism on the nitrogen-removal wastewater treatment with a low chemical oxygen demand/ammonium nitrogen ratio in biological contact oxidation reactor.

Nitrogen-removal promotion is a significant problem when biological nitrogen removal is used to treat ammonium nitrogen (NH-N) wastewater with a low chemical oxygen demand (COD)/NH-N (C/N) ratio. In this work, the biological nitrogen removal capacity of the biological contact oxidation reactor (BCOR) system was enhanced through the enrichment of Acidobacteria. The system was successfully started from Day 1 to Day 50 and stably operated through temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) regulation from Day 51 to Day 254.

An Adaptive Parameter Optimization Deep Learning Model for Energetic Liquid Vision Recognition Based on Feedback Mechanism.

The precise detection of liquid flow and viscosity is a crucial challenge in industrial processes and environmental monitoring due to the variety of liquid samples and the complex reflective properties of energetic liquids. Traditional methods often struggle to maintain accuracy under such conditions. This study addresses the complexity arising from sample diversity and the reflective properties of energetic liquids by introducing a novel model based on computer vision and deep learning.

Monthly dynamics of microbial communities and variation of nitrogen-cycling genes in an industrial-scale expanded granular sludge bed reactor.

Introduction: The expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) is a major form of anaerobic digestion system during wastewater treatment. Yet, the dynamics of microbial and viral communities and members functioning in nitrogen cycling along with monthly changing physicochemical properties have not been well elucidated.

Methods: Here, by collecting the anaerobic activated sludge samples from a continuously operating industrial-scale EGSB reactor, we conducted 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metagenome sequencing to reveal the microbial community structure and variation with the ever-changing physicochemical properties along within a year.

Low-concentration methanol effect on the microorganisms, nitrogen removal, and recovery of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite.

Methanol has a significant effect on the performance of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over the nitrite (CANON) process. In this research, the effect of low-concentration methanol on the functional microorganisms and nitrogen removal and recovery in the CANON system is investigated. The result shows that the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) was suppressed with low-concentration methanol addition, and the phylum Planctomycetes was hidden.

Dual-responsive polyacrylonitrile-based electrospun membrane for controllable oil-water separation.

Membrane separation based on smart materials with responsive wettability has attracted great attention due to the excellent performance of controllable oil-water separation. Herein, responsive copolymer originated from N-isopropylacrylamide and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate was synthesized and electrospun with polyacrylonitrile to fabricate smart composite membrane. The introduction of the responsive copolymer endowed the membrane with stimuli-responsive wettability to pH and temperature.

Assessment of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil in patients with oral cavity cancer.

Background: Chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (TPF) has been studied in patients with head and neck cancer. Its impact on patients with oral cavity cancer was not specified.

Methods: We consecutively reviewed medical files of patients with untreated oral cavity cancer who received neoadjuvant TPF chemotherapy in our department from January 2017 to April 2020.

Facile preparation of melamine foam with superhydrophobic performance and its system integration with prototype equipment for the clean-up of oil spills on water surface.

A simple and efficient method was developed to rectify the surface properties of commercial melamine foam. The process was based on the siloxane coating originated from the silanization of methyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane. The foam can be easily scaled up by employing low-cost chemicals and devices.

Phase-Selective Gelation of the Water Phase in an Oil-Water Mixture: An Approach Based on Oil-Activated Nanoparticle Assembly in Water.

Phase-selective gelation refers to the selective gelation of one phase in an immiscible mixture. Thus far, all such examples have involved a molecular gelator forming nanofibers in (and thus gelling) the oil phase in an oil/water mixture. Here, for the first time, we report the counterpart to the above phenomenon, i.

The Unusual Rheology of Wormlike Micelles in Glycerol: Comparable Timescales for Chain Reptation and Segmental Relaxation.

Wormlike micelles (WLMs) are polymer-like chains formed by surfactant self-assembly in water. Recently, we have shown that WLMs can also be self-assembled in polar organic liquids like glycerol using a cationic surfactant and an aromatic salt. In this work, we focus on the dynamic rheology of the WLMs in glycerol and demonstrate that their rheology is very different from that of WLMs in water.

Wormlike Micelles of a Cationic Surfactant in Polar Organic Solvents: Extending Surfactant Self-Assembly to New Systems and Subzero Temperatures.

Wormlike micelles (WLMs) are long, flexible cylindrical chains formed by the self-assembly of surfactants in semidilute solutions. Scientists have been fascinated by WLMs because of their similarities to polymers, while at the same time, the viscoelastic properties of WLM solutions have made them useful in a variety of industrial applications. To date, most studies on WLMs have been performed in water (i.

Molecular packing of surface active ionic liquids in a deep eutectic solvent: a small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) study.

During the past decade, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have shown promising application in the self-assembly of surfactants. Various aggregates such as micelles, vesicles, lyotropic liquid crystals, microemulsions and gels have been reported. In this research, the phase behaviours of imidazolium surface active ionic liquids (SAILs) CnmimBr (n = 12, 14, 16) were investigated in ChG.

Performance and microbial community of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process with a submerged aerated biological filter.

Stable performance is a technical problem in the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process with one single stage, which needs to be addressed. In the current work, a laboratory-scale submerged aerated biological filter (SABF) with a 3-L working volume was introduced into the CANON process to enhance its stable performance for 290 days under the following conditions: temperature of 30 ± 1 °C and dissolved oxygen (DO) level of 0.2-0.

[Enhanced Treatment of Printing and Dyeing Wastewater Using HO-Biochemical Method].

The traditional biochemical treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater has limited efficiency. This study investigated whether HO could strengthen the biological ability of the hydrolytic acidification/biological contact oxidation process (A/O), which effectively treats the printing and dyeing wastewater. After biofilm formation and the biochemical system startup and operation by HO, the system was successfully started and steadily operated when HOwas added into reactor A with the HO voluve fraction of 3 mL·L, doses of 100.

[Fast Start-up and Performance of the CANON Process Based on a SBAF Systemand Evolution Properties of Microorganisms].

The CANON process has the disadvantages of long start-up periods and unstable operation. In the SBAF system, under strictly controlled conditions of dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature, a CANON process is started up in 51 days and is operated stably for 278 days using a new method of independent research and development. The results show that the maximum and average ARR are 98.

Phase behaviours of a cationic surfactant in deep eutectic solvents: from micelles to lyotropic liquid crystals.

In recent years, aggregates formed in deep eutectic solvents (DESs), especially micelles, have attracted much attention. In this study, the phase behaviours of a cationic surfactant, cetylpyridinium bromide (CPBr), in two DESs, choline chloride + glycerol (ChG) and choline chloride + ethylene glycol (ChEG), were investigated in wide concentration and temperature ranges. With the help of small angle X-ray scattering, polarized optical microscopy and rheological measurements, the structures and properties of various aggregates were characterized.

Effect of dissolved oxygen on nitrogen removal and the microbial community of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process in a submerged aerated biological filter.

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a crucial parameter of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process. This study determined the nitrogen removal performance and microbial community of the CANON process in a laboratory-scale submerged aerated biological filter (SABF) over a DO concentration range from 0 to 1.2 mg·L.

Fast start-up of the CANON process with a SABF and the effects of pH and temperature on nitrogen removal and microbial activity.

The long start-up time of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process is one of the main disadvantages of this system. In this paper, the CANON process with a submerged aerated biological filter (SABF) was rapidly started up within 26 days. It gave an average ammonium nitrogen removal rate (ANR) and a total nitrogen removal rate (TNR) of 94.

Start-up of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process with a submerged aerated biological filter and the effect of inorganic carbon on nitrogen removal and microbial activity.

Good start-up and performance are essential for the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process, and inorganic carbon (IC) is also important for this process. In this study, a lab-scale submerged aerated biological filter (SABF) was adopted for the CANON process. A 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the phyla Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes were the dominant microorganisms and that the genus Candidatus Brocadia functioned as the nitrogen remover.

Effects of a Spacer on the Phase Behavior of Gemini Surfactants in Ethanolammonium Nitrate.

The aggregation behavior of quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants (12-s-12) in a protic ionic liquid, ethanolammonium nitrate (EOAN), was investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering, freeze-fracture transmission electron microscopy, polarized optical microscopy, and rheological measurements. The rarely reported nonaqueous two phases in the ionic liquid were observed at lower 12-s-12 concentrations. The upper phase was composed of micelles, whereas only the surfactant unimers or multimers were detected in the low phase.

In situ study on atomic mechanism of melting and freezing of single bismuth nanoparticles.

Experimental study of the atomic mechanism in melting and freezing processes remains a formidable challenge. We report herein on a unique material system that allows for in situ growth of bismuth nanoparticles from the precursor compound SrBiTaO under an electron beam within a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Simultaneously, the melting and freezing processes within the nanoparticles are triggered and imaged in real time by the HRTEM.

[Fast Start-up of SBAF System Assisted CANON Process and the Microbial Analysis].

Long period start-up is one of the main restraining factors of the single-stage completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process.This study investigated the fast start-up of the CANON process initiated by a submerged biological aerated filter (SBAF) method.With conventional activated sludge from the secondary sedimentation tank of municipal waste water treatment plants as the seed sludge,the CANON process was successfully started up after the acclimation of sludge microorganisms for 48 days under the experimental conditions of (30±2)℃,organic carbon free and controlled dissolved oxygen (stage Ⅰ:0.

Unique Phase Behaviors in the Gemini Surfactant/EAN Binary System: The Role of the Hydroxyl Group.

The hydroxyl group in the spacer of a cationic Gemini surfactant (12-3OH-12) caused dramatic changes of the phase behaviors in a protic ionic liquid (EAN). Here, the effects of the hydroxyl group on micellization and lyotropic liquid crystal formation were investigated through the surface tension, small-angle X-ray scattering, polarized optical microscopy, and rheological measurements. With the hydroxyl group in the spacer, the critical micellization concentration of 12-3OH-12 was found to be lower than that of the homologue without hydroxyl (12-3-12) and the 12-3OH-12 molecules packed more densely at the air/EAN interface.

Activity of a novel-designed antimicrobial peptide and its interaction with lipids.

A new antimicrobial peptide l-RW containing double amphipathic binding sequences was designed, and its biological activities were investigated in the present study. L-RW showed antibacterial activity against several bacterial strains but low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells and low hemolytic activity to red blood cells, which makes it a potential and promising peptide for further development. Microscale thermophoresis (MST), a new technique, was applied to study the antimicrobial peptide-lipid interaction for the first time, which examined the binding affinities of this new antimicrobial peptide to various lipids, including different phospholipids, mixture lipids and bacterial lipid extracts.

Phase transition of a quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactant induced by minor structural changes of protic ionic liquids.

The aggregation behaviors of a Gemini surfactant [C12H25(CH3)2N(+)(CH2)2N(+)(CH3)2C12H25]Br2(-) (12-2-12) in two protic ionic liquids (PILs), propylammonium nitrate (PAN) and butylammonium nitrate (BAN), were investigated by means of several experimental techniques including small and wide-angle X-ray scattering, the polarized optical microscopy and the rheological measurement. Compared to those in ethylammonium nitrate (EAN), the minor structural changes with only one or two methylene units (-CH2-) increase in cationic chain length of PIL, result in a dramatic phase transition of formed aggregates. The critical micellization concentration was increased in PAN, while no micelle formation was detected in BAN.

Wormlike micelles formed using Gemini surfactants with quaternary hydroxyethyl methylammonium headgroups.

The aggregation behavior of Gemini surfactants with hydroxyl groups in their headgroups, butane-1,4-bis(hydroxyethyl methylalkylammonium) bromides hereafter abbreviated as m-4-m MEA (m = 12, 14, 16), has been investigated in aqueous solution. Each formed a viscous fluid in water at low concentration in the absence of a salt. In solutions of 14-4-14 MEA, the formation of highly viscoelastic wormlike micelles could be detected using steady and dynamic rheological measurements.