Preclinical Study of a Dual-Target Molecular Probe Labeled with Ga Targeting SSTR2 and FAP.

Objective: Currently, Ga-labeled somatostatin analogs (SSAs) are the most commonly used imaging agents for patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in clinical practice, demonstrating good results in tumor diagnosis. For applications in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), targeted drugs should have high tumor uptake and prolonged tumor retention time. To enhance the uptake and retention of tracers in NETs, our goal is to design a Ga-labeled heterodimer for optimizing pharmacokinetics and assess whether this form is more efficacious than its monomeric equivalents.

Interaction Between Liver Metabolism and Gut Short-Chain Fatty Acids via Liver-Gut Axis Affects Body Weight in Lambs.

The gut-liver axis and its interactions are essential for host physiology. Thus, we examined the jejunal microbiota, fermentation parameters, digestive enzymes, morphology, and liver metabolic profiles in different growth development lambs to investigate the liver-gut axis's role in their development. One hundred male Hu lambs of similar birth weight and age were raised under the same conditions until they reached 180 days of age.

Improving HIV Outcomes in Miami's Black populations with clinic-based community health workers protocol: The integrated navigation and support for treatment adherence, counseling, and research (INSTACARE) randomized controlled trial.

Miami-Dade is an HIV epicenter where Black populations experience excess AIDS-related deaths due to poor medication adherence, which prevents achieving an undetectable HIV viral load (VL). A promising approach to improving HIV outcomes in Black populations has been the use of community health workers (CHWs). Evidence shows CHWs trained in motivational interviewing (MI) may further improve outcomes, however little data exists about Black CHWs trained in MI who support Black patients with HIV.

Gene flow and its sporadic spillover: H10 and N5 avian influenza viruses from wild birds and the H10N5 human cases in China.

On 30 January 2024, China announced the first human case of H10N5 influenza infection. Prior to this, human cases of H10N7 and H10N8 had been reported. It is now appropriate to re-examine the evolution and future epidemiological trends of the H10 and N5 subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIVs).

Synergistic Enhancement of Energy Storage Performance in NaNbO-Based Lead-Free Relaxor Ferroelectrics via Weakly Coupled Relaxation Behavior.

Advancements in pulsed electronic power systems depend significantly on high-performance dielectric energy storage ceramics. Lead-free NaNbO-based energy-storage ceramics are important materials for next-generation pulsed power capacitors owing to their large polarization and bandgaps. However, the high energy loss caused by the antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition leads to low recoverable energy storage density and efficiency, which hinders its practical application.

Nondiffracting and self-healing properties of a multi-periodic full Poincaré beam.

In recent years, structured beams have emerged as an attractive and promising area of research, and nondiffracting beams and vector beams stand out as two particularly important categories of structured beams. Recognizing the significance of both beams, it is valuable to build a connection between these two kinds of structured beams. Here, we propose a kind of multi-periodic full Poincaré beam (MP-FPB), whose polarization states can cover the Poincaré sphere (PS) surface multiple times.

Increased perfluorooctanoic acid accumulation facilitates the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells via remodeling cell mechanics.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely used in industrial and household products, raising serious concerns due to their environmental persistence and mobility. Epidemiological studies have reported potential carcinogenic risks of PFAS based on their widespread occurrence and population exposure. In this study, we observed that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a common PFAS, functions as a mechanical regulator in lung cancer cells.

Polypeptide functionalized gold nanoprobes for SERS-fluorescence detection and imaging of caspase-9 during apoptosis.

Background: Deoxynivalenol is one of the common fungal toxins in processed grain foods. It has the characteristic of high temperature resistance. Dietary intake of DON contaminated food can cause adverse symptoms.

Gas-phase aldol condensation of formaldehyde to produce hydroxyacetaldehyde and its implication to new particle formation: a theoretical study.

Aldehydes have been proposed as important precursor species in new particle formation (NPF). Although formaldehyde (CHO) has minimal direct involvement in sulfuric acid (HSO) and water nucleation, it remains unclear whether its atmospheric aldol condensation product, hydroxyacetaldehyde (CHO), one of the simplest bifunctional oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), plays a role in NPF. This study investigates both the aldol condensation of CHO and its role in NPF involving HSO and CHO through quantum chemical calculations and atmospheric cluster dynamics modeling.

Real-time diagnosis of sampled lesions in targeted biopsy of prostate Cancer using a novel tracer [Cu] Cu-DOTA-PSMA-3Q: a pilot preclinical study.

Purpose: Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET) guided targeted biopsy has shown potential for detecting more prostate cancer (PCa) cases. However, relying exclusively on imaging may risk missing lesions, an issue that could be addressed by incorporating radiation-guided technology. Accordingly, we aimed to develop a novel PSMA radiotracer with a long half-life, [Cu]Cu-DOTA-PSMA-3Q, and evaluate its targeting accuracy.

Integrated analysis of single-cell, spatial and bulk RNA-sequencing identifies a cell-death signature for predicting the outcomes of head and neck cancer.

Background: Cell death plays an essential role in carcinogenesis, but its function in the recurrence and postoperative prognosis of head and neck cancer (HNC), which ranks as the 7 most common malignancy globally, remains unclear.

Methods: Data from five main subtypes of HNC related single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) were recruited to establish a single-cell atlas, and the distribution of cell death models (CDMs) across different tissues as well as cell subtypes were analyzed. Bulk RNA-seq from the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) dataset was subjected to a machine learning-based integrative procedure for constructing a consensus cell death-related signature risk score (CDRscore) model and validated by external data.

Flexible focal array engineering with a binary array vector optical field.

In recent years, the vector optical field (VOF) with space-variant polarization distribution has attracted great attention due to its unexpected effects and applications in a wide range of areas. The focal engineering plays the most important role, as the focused VOF provides various interesting properties. Here, we propose a kind of binary array VOF (BA-VOF), which can be applied in focal array engineering.

Assessment and integration of multiparametric MRI for liver fibrosis staging in rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Evaluation of diagnostic efficiency and model interpretation.

Objectives: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) techniques, including intravoxel incoherence motion (IVIM), iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation quantification sequence (IDEAL IQ), T2* mapping and T2 mapping, were employed to develop and validate a predictive model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) diagnosis and liver fibrosis (LF) staging in rats. The combined model was interpreted using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values for model interpretation.

Materials And Methods: 160 healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control (n = 24) and experimental (n = 136) groups, and the 12-week and 16-week groups were injected intraperitoneally with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 4 weeks, one month before the final feeding period.

Transcriptional changes across tissue and time provide molecular insights into a therapeutic window of opportunity following traumatic stress exposure.

Unfortunately, survivors of traumatic stress exposure (TSE) frequently develop adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS) such as chronic pain and stress/depressive symptoms. Increasing evidence indicates that there is a 'window of opportunity' following TSE in which therapeutic interventions are most effective against APNS, yet mechanisms accounting for this observation are poorly understood. Here, we aimed to better understand such mechanisms by generating snapshots of the transcriptional landscape in the early aftermath of TSE across tissues and time.

Fear of COVID-19 Diagnosis and Cannabis Use Patterns Among Adults with Chronic Health Conditions: Results from COVID-19 Cannabis Health Study.

Given the scarcity of literature regarding COVID-19 impacts on cannabis consumers with chronic illnesses who widely use cannabis to manage their health conditions, we aim to assess the effect of COVID-19 on cannabis use patterns among adults living with chronic diseases. Cannabis consumers with a chronic disease ( = 1,466) from COVID-19 Cannabis Health Study were included in this analysis. The primary outcomes were change in cannabis dosage, past 30-day cannabis usage, and change in route of cannabis administration, with the main exposure being self-reported fear of COVID-19 diagnosis.

Microglial DBP Signaling Mediates Behavioral Abnormality Induced by Chronic Periodontitis in Mice.

Several lines of evidence implicate that chronic periodontitis (CP) increases the risk of mental illnesses, such as anxiety and depression, yet, the associated molecular mechanism for this remains poorly defined. Here, it is reported that mice subjected to CP exhibited depression-like behaviors and hippocampal memory deficits, accompanied by synapse loss and neurogenesis impairment in the hippocampus. RNA microarray analysis disclosed that albumin D-site-binding protein (DBP) is identified as the most prominently upregulated target gene following CP, and in vivo and in vitro immunofluorescence methods showed that DBP is preferentially expressed in microglia but not neurons or astrocytes in the hippocampus.

Study on sentinel hosts for surveillance of future COVID-19-like outbreaks.

The spread of SARS-CoV-2 to animals has the potential to evolve independently. In this study, we distinguished several sentinel animal species and genera for monitoring the re-emergence of COVID-19 or the new outbreak of COVID-19-like disease. We analyzed SARS-CoV-2 genomic data from human and nonhuman mammals in the taxonomic hierarchies of species, genus, family and order of their host.