Real-time artificial intelligence-assisted detection and segmentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using multimodal endoscopic data: a multi-center, prospective study.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignancy in southern China, and often underdiagnosed due to reliance on physician expertise. Artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency using large datasets and advanced algorithms.

Methods: Nasal endoscopy videos with white light imaging (WLI) and narrow-band imaging (NBI) modes from 707 patients treated at one center in China from June 2020 to December 2022 were prospectively collected.

Amphiregulin promotes activated regulatory T cell-suppressive function via the AREG/EGFR pathway in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Activated regulatory T cells (aTregs) play a vital role in promoting a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). However, the regulatory factors that induce the generation of aTregs are not clear. Herein, we investigated the effect of amphiregulin (AREG) on the production of aTregs in the tumor microenvironment of LSCC.

Exosomal PD-L1 derived from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma promotes immune evasion by activating the positive feedback loop of activated regulatory T cell-M2 macrophage.

The positive feedback loop of activated regulatory T cells (aTregs) and M2 macrophages (M2) play a vital role in promoting the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the key factors regulating the positive feedback loop remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the effect of PD-L1 carried on exosomes derived from tumor cells (TEXs) on the aTreg-M2 positive feedback loop, as well as their role in mediating immunosuppression.

The survival benefit of lymph node dissection in resected T1-2, cN0 supraglottic cancer: A population-based propensity score matching analysis.

Background: The survival benefit of clinically negative cervical lymph nodes (cN0) in patients with T1-2 supraglottic cancer (SC) remains unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the prognostic value of lymph node dissection (LND) in patients with T1-2, cN0 SC.

Methods: We included 1036 confirmed T1-2, cN0 SC patients with clinicopathological characteristics between 2004 and 2015, based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER) database.