A universal and accurate LPMI method for calculating mismatch in heterogeneous ice nucleation.

The interfacial correlation factor (), where refers to the interaction among ice, water and the substrate and refers to the ratio of the critical nucleation size to the surface topography characteristic size of the substrate, plays a crucial role in the classical theory of heterogeneous ice nucleation as it significantly impacts the energy of nucleation. Generally, a smaller value of () indicates a higher propensity for ice nucleation. The degree of structural compatibility between ice and the substrate greatly influences (), particularly on specific substrates.

Effect of Injection Overmolding Parameters on the Interface Bonding Strength of Hybrid Thermoset-Thermoplastic Composites.

In this study, the thermoset-thermoplastic structure was produced through a co-curing technique together with an injection overmolding technique. Continuous fiber reinforced thermoset composite (TSC) was selected as thermoset material, while polyamide 6 (PA 6) was chosen as thermoplastic material. The influence of injection temperature, preheating temperature and injection speed on the interfacial bonding strength of hybrid thermoset-thermoplastic composites was investigated.

Enhanced carbon dioxide biomethanation with hydrogen using anaerobic granular sludge and metal-organic frameworks: Microbial community response and energy metabolism analysis.

In this work, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were prepared to evaluate its impact on carbon dioxide (CO) biomethanization during anaerobic degradation (AD). The results showed that MOFs significantly improved the CO biomethanation efficiency, especially in the AD reactors using a concentration of 1.0 g/L MOFs.

Active stabilization of terrestrial magnetic field with potassium atomic magnetometer.

This paper introduces a magnetically quiet environment where the magnetic-field noise is actively suppressed using an optically pumped potassium magnetometer. In a large dynamic range of Earth's magnetic fields, the magnetic-resonance signals of potassium are completely separated in frequency, and we experimentally demonstrate that one of them could be used to measure and compensate magnetic-field noise. The magnetic-field noise floor after stabilization is ∼100 fT/Hz under a bias field ranging from 20 to 100 μT.

Active Magnetic-Field Stabilization with Atomic Magnetometer.

A magnetically-quiet environment is important for detecting faint magnetic-field signals or nonmagnetic spin-dependent interactions. Passive magnetic shielding using layers of large magnetic-permeability materials is widely used to reduce the magnetic-field noise. The magnetic-field noise can also be actively monitored with magnetometers and then compensated, acting as a complementary method to the passive shielding.

Recording brain activities in unshielded Earth's field with optically pumped atomic magnetometers.

Understanding the relationship between brain activity and specific mental function is important for medical diagnosis of brain symptoms, such as epilepsy. Magnetoencephalography (MEG), which uses an array of high-sensitivity magnetometers to record magnetic field signals generated from neural currents occurring naturally in the brain, is a noninvasive method for locating the brain activities. The MEG is normally performed in a magnetically shielded room.

Optimizing the gas distributor based on CO bubble dynamic behaviors to improve microalgal biomass production in an air-lift photo-bioreactor.

Dynamic behavior of bubbles would significantly affect CO mass transfer and may cause microalgae cells uneven distribution due to the bubble carrying effect. To improve microalgae growth, the gas distributor and aeration conditions was optimized according to the bubble rising behavior. The CO bubble rising trajectory is similar to a Zigzag.