Mulberry twig alkaloids for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Diabetes has emerged as a significant global health concern, with over 95% of cases categorized as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The disease not only imparts detrimental effects on individual health but also imposes a substantial burden on societal economics and healthcare systems. Notably, there is a paucity of meta-analyses on the efficacy of mulberry twig alkaloids (MTAs) for the treatment of T2DM.

Roles of temperature, materials, and domain inversion in high-performance, low-bias-drift thin film lithium niobate blue light modulators.

We demonstrate a thin film lithium niobate electro-optic modulator operating at 456 nm with an RF voltage-length product of 0.38 V-cm and a bandwidth of 6.9 GHz.

A parametrically programmable delay line for microwave photons.

Delay lines that store quantum information are crucial for advancing quantum repeaters and hardware efficient quantum computers. Traditionally, they are realized as extended systems that support wave propagation but provide limited control over the propagating fields. Here, we introduce a parametrically addressed delay line for microwave photons that provides a high level of control over the stored pulses.

An optical lattice with sound.

Quantized sound waves-phonons-govern the elastic response of crystalline materials, and also play an integral part in determining their thermodynamic properties and electrical response (for example, by binding electrons into superconducting Cooper pairs). The physics of lattice phonons and elasticity is absent in simulators of quantum solids constructed of neutral atoms in periodic light potentials: unlike real solids, traditional optical lattices are silent because they are infinitely stiff. Optical-lattice realizations of crystals therefore lack some of the central dynamical degrees of freedom that determine the low-temperature properties of real materials.

Photon-Mediated Peierls Transition of a 1D Gas in a Multimode Optical Cavity.

The Peierls instability toward a charge density wave is a canonical example of phonon-driven strongly correlated physics and is intimately related to topological quantum matter and exotic superconductivity. We propose a method for realizing an analogous photon-mediated Peierls transition, using a system of one-dimensional tubes of interacting Bose or Fermi atoms trapped inside a multimode confocal cavity. Pumping the cavity transversely engineers a cavity-mediated metal-to-insulator transition in the atomic system.

Dynamical Spin-Orbit Coupling of a Quantum Gas.

We realize the dynamical 1D spin-orbit coupling (SOC) of a Bose-Einstein condensate confined within an optical cavity. The SOC emerges through spin-correlated momentum impulses delivered to the atoms via Raman transitions. These are effected by classical pump fields acting in concert with the quantum dynamical cavity field.

Sign-Changing Photon-Mediated Atom Interactions in Multimode Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics.

Sign-changing interactions constitute a crucial ingredient in the creation of frustrated many-body systems such as spin glasses. We present here the demonstration of a photon-mediated sign-changing interaction between Bose-Einstein-condensed atoms in a confocal cavity. The interaction between two atoms is of an unusual, nonlocal form proportional to the cosine of the inner product of the atoms' position vectors.

Spinor Self-Ordering of a Quantum Gas in a Cavity.

We observe the joint spin-spatial (spinor) self-organization of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) strongly coupled to an optical cavity. This unusual nonequilibrium Hepp-Lieb-Dicke phase transition is driven by an off-resonant Raman transition formed from a classical pump field and the emergent quantum dynamical cavity field. This mediates a spinor-spinor interaction that, above a critical strength, simultaneously organizes opposite spinor states of the BEC on opposite checkerboard configurations of an emergent 2D lattice.

Supermode-density-wave-polariton condensation with a Bose-Einstein condensate in a multimode cavity.

Phase transitions, where observable properties of a many-body system change discontinuously, can occur in both open and closed systems. By placing cold atoms in optical cavities and inducing strong coupling between light and excitations of the atoms, one can experimentally study phase transitions of open quantum systems. Here we observe and study a non-equilibrium phase transition, the condensation of supermode-density-wave polaritons.