Autonomous countertraction for secure field of view in laparoscopic surgery using deep reinforcement learning.

Purpose: Countertraction is a vital technique in laparoscopic surgery, stretching the tissue surface for incision and dissection. Due to the technical challenges and frequency of countertraction, autonomous countertraction has the potential to significantly reduce surgeons' workload. Despite several methods proposed for automation, achieving optimal tissue visibility and tension for incision remains unrealized.

Phylogenetic analyses of Chilomastix and Retortamonas species using in vitro excysted flagellates.

In vitro excystation of cysts of microscopically identified Chilomastix mesnili and Retortamonas sp. isolated from Japanese macaques and Retortamonas sp. isolated from small Indian mongooses could be induced using an established protocol for Giardia intestinalis and subsequently by culturing with H2S-rich Robinson's medium supplemented with Desulfovibrio desulfuricans.

[Tumor Lysis Syndrome in a Patient with Germ Cell Tumor : A Case Report].

A 36-year-old man presented to our hospital with right scrotal swelling. A computed tomographic scan revealed a mass in the right scrotum, multiple masses in the lung and liver, and enlarged cervical, mediastinal, and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. After right high orchiectomy, he was diagnosed with nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (pT3N3M1b), with poor risk prediction according to the International Germ Cell Consensus classification.

Estimation of Respiratory Rate from Thermography Using Respiratory Likelihood Index.

Respiration is a key vital sign used to monitor human health status. Monitoring respiratory rate (RR) under non-contact is particularly important for providing appropriate pre-hospital care in emergencies. We propose an RR estimation system using thermal imaging cameras, which are increasingly being used in the medical field, such as recently during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Reversible 3D-2D structural phase transition and giant electronic modulation in nonequilibrium alloy semiconductor, lead-tin-selenide.

Material properties depend largely on the dimensionality of the crystal structures and the associated electronic structures. If the crystal-structure dimensionality can be switched reversibly in the same material, then a drastic property change may be controllable. Here, we propose a design route for a direct three-dimensional (3D) to 2D structural phase transition, demonstrating an example in (Pb Sn )Se alloy system, where Pb and Sn have similar s pseudo-closed shell configurations, but the former stabilizes the 3D rock-salt-type structure while the latter a 2D layered structure.