Peptide TaY Attenuates Inflammatory Responses by Interacting with Myeloid Differentiation 2 and Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

A balanced inflammatory response is crucial for the organism to defend against external infections, however, an exaggerated response may lead to detrimental effects, including tissue damage and even the onset of disease. Therefore, anti-inflammatory drugs are essential for the rational control of inflammation. In this study, we found that a previously screened peptide TaY (KEKKEVVEYGPSSYGYG) was able to inhibit the LPS-induced RAW264.

Isolation, Characterization, and Functional Properties of Antioxidant Peptides from Mulberry Leaf Enzymatic Hydrolysates.

Recent evidence suggests that mulberry leaves have good antioxidant activity. However, what the antioxidant ingredient is and how the ingredient works are still not well understood. In this study, we enzymatically hydrolyze mulberry leaf proteins (MLPs) using neutral protease and find that the mulberry leaf protein hydrolysates (MLPHs) have stronger antioxidant activity compared to MLPs.

Potential Role and Mechanism of Mulberry Extract in Immune Modulation: Focus on Chemical Compositions, Mechanistic Insights, and Extraction Techniques.

Mulberry is a rapidly growing plant that thrives in diverse climatic, topographical, and soil types, spanning temperature and temperate countries. Mulberry plants are valued as functional foods for their abundant chemical composition, serving as a significant reservoir of bioactive compounds like proteins, polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids. Moreover, these compounds displayed potent antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation, and restoring elevated nitric oxide production induced by LPS stimulation through the downregulation of inducible NO synthase expression.

Optimizing postbiotic production through solid-state fermentation with J and SN4 enhances antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Background: Postbiotics are an emerging research interest in recent years and are fairly advanced compared to prebiotics and probiotics. The composition and function of postbiotics are closely related to fermentation conditions.

Methods: In this study, we developed a solid-state fermentation preparation method for postbiotics with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Optimization of Exopolysaccharide Produced by R301 and Its Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities.

In this study, the yield of exopolysaccharide (EPS) from R301 was optimized using a single-factor experiment and response surface methodology (RSM). After optimization, the EPS yield was increased with a fold-change of 0.85.

Soybean Oil Regulates the Fatty Acid Synthesis II System of LFB112 by Activating Acetyl-CoA Levels.

[Background] LFB112 is a strain of screened in our laboratory. Previous studies found that it has a strong ability for fatty acid metabolism and can improve the lipid metabolism of broilers when used as feed additives. [Methods] This study aimed to confirm the fatty acid metabolism of LFB112.

Effects of as an Antibiotic Alternative on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Serum Biochemical Response, and Immunity of Broilers.

The current study aimed to investigate the effects of on growth performance, intestinal morphology, serum biochemical response, and immunity in broiler chickens. A total of 330 commercial one-day-old, mixed-sex Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into five treatment groups with six replicates per group. The broilers were fed the basal diet (CON), the basal diet with 150 mg/kg of aureomycin (AM), the basal diet with at 2 × 10 CFU/kg (CBL), the basal diet with at 4 × 10 CFU/kg (CBM), and the basal diet with at 8 × 10 CFU/kg (CBH).

Biofilm and Small Colony Variants-An Update on Strategies toward Drug Resistance.

Recently, the drawbacks arising from the overuse of antibiotics have drawn growing public attention. Among them, drug-resistance (DR) and even multidrug-resistance (MDR) pose significant challenges in clinical practice. As a representative of a DR or MDR pathogen, can cause diversity of infections related to different organs, and can survive or adapt to the diverse hostile environments by switching into other phenotypes, including biofilm and small colony variants (SCVs), with altered physiologic or metabolic characteristics.

Novel Hybrid Peptide Cathelicidin 2 (1-13)-Thymopentin (TP5) and Its Derived Peptides with Effective Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-Adhesion Activities.

The increasing numbers of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens highlight the urgent need for new alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides have the potential to be promising alternatives to antibiotics because of their effective bactericidal activity and highly selective toxicity. The present study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-adhesion activities of different CTP peptides (CTP: the original hybrid peptide cathelicidin 2 (1-13)-thymopentin (TP5); CTP-NH: C-terminal amidated derivative of cathelicidin 2 (1-13)-TP5; CTPQ: glutamine added at the C-terminus of cathelicidin 2 (1-13)-TP5) by determining the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), propidium iodide uptake, and analysis by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy).

Targeting the TLR2 Receptor With a Novel Thymopentin-Derived Peptide Modulates Immune Responses.

The innate and adaptive immune systems act in concert to protect us from infectious agents and other harmful substances. As a state of temporary or permanent immune dysfunction, immunosuppression can make an organism more susceptible to infection, organ injury, and cancer due to damage to the immune system. It takes a long time to develop new immunomodulatory agents to prevent and treat immunosuppressive diseases, with slow progress.

Design and Immunological Evaluation of a Hybrid Peptide as a Potent TLR2 Agonist by Structure-Based Virtual Screening.

Immunity is a versatile defensive response that is involved in protecting against disease by identifying and destroying self and non-self harmful substances. As a state of temporary or permanent immune dysfunction, immunosuppression can make an organism more susceptible to infection, organ injury, and cancer due to damage to the immune system. It has taken a long time to develop new immunomodulatory agents to prevent and treat immunosuppressive diseases.

Association of polymorphisms in Pit-1 gene with growth and feed efficiency in meat-type chickens.

Objective: The pituitary specific transcription factor-1 (Pit-1) gene is responsible for pituitary development and growth hormone expression and is regarded as a pivotal candidate gene for growth and production in chickens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of Pit-1 polymorphisms with growth and feed efficiency traits in yellow meat-type chickens.

Methods: In the present study, five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Pit-1 were selected and genotyped by high-throughput matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in 724 meat-type chickens.