Synthesis of piceid lipoate and the effect and micro-mechanism of alpha-lipoic acid moiety on its antioxidant activity.

A lipophilic piceid lipoate (PIL) was synthesized by enzymatic method to enhance the antioxidant activity of piceid and improve its state in oil system. The highest substrate conversion of 93.71 % was obtained in γ-valerolactone using Novozym 435 as a catalyst, with a piceid/lipoic acid ratio of 1:15 (mM/mM), an enzyme dosage of 40 mg/mL, and 4 Å molecular sieves at 400 mg/mL.

The glamor of and insights regarding hydrotherapy, from simple immersion to advanced computer-assisted exercises: A narrative review.

Water-based therapy has been gaining attention in recent years and is being widely used in clinical settings. Hydrotherapy is the most important area of water-based therapy, and it has distinct advantages and characteristics compared to conventional land-based exercises. Several new techniques and pieces of equipment are currently emerging with advances in computer technologies.

Preparation and characterization of microcapsules and tablets for probiotic encapsulation via whey protein isolate-nanochitin complex coacervation.

This research delved into the feasibility of utilizing three nanochitin-chitin nanocrystal (CNC), chitin nanofiber (CNF), and chitin nanosphere (CNS) in complexation with whey protein isolate (WPI) to fabricate complex coacervation and create microcapsules for probiotic encapsulation. The results showed that CNC, CNF, and CNS exhibited notable differences in morphologies, dimensions, and properties due to the respective synthesis methodologies. Nevertheless, all of them maintained a positive charge and were capable of assembling into microcapsules with WPI via electrostatic interactions at optimal pHs.

A multicenter study on the sex difference of dysfunctions among rehabilitation outpatients in China.

Dysfunction is a common clinical symptom among rehabilitation patients; however, whether there are sex differences in dysfunctions remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore this issue by examining a large sample of the population with dysfunctional problems. A multi-stage sampling scheme was used to select the rehabilitation outpatients as study participants.

Photonics-aided exceeding 200-Gb/s wireless data transmission over outdoor long-range 2 × 2 MIMO THz links at 300 GHz.

Outdoor long-range terahertz (THz) communications often come at the expense of transmission rate. Moreover, the practicability of the single polarization optical/THz link, which is commonly used in the previous long-range THz demonstrations based on photonics, is extremely limited by the following two fatal defects. One is relying on active polarization control, and the other is not supporting the transparent bridging of optical polarization division multiplexed (PDM) signals for mature coherent optical communication networks.

Astragalus polysaccharide treatment relieves cerebral ischemia‒reperfusion injury by promoting M2 polarization of microglia by enhancing O-GlcNAcylation.

Cerebral ischemia‒reperfusion (I/R) injury seriously threatens the lives of patients. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is the main active ingredient of Astragalus membranaceus and has a wide range of pharmacological activities. Here, we aimed to explore the impacts of APS on cerebral I/R injury and its specific mechanisms.

The effect of educational level on the recurrence rate and number of episodes of stroke in stroke survivors.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the influence of educational level on the recurrence rate and number of stroke episodes in stroke survivors.

Materials And Methods: For this cross-sectional study, information regarding patient characteristics, medical history, ability to perform activities of daily living, level of disability, number of episodes, and stroke recurrence was collected. Analyses were conducted using the chi-square test, analysis of variance, nonparametric test, Cox regression model, and the Kaplan-Meier method.

Microbial-Driven Synthesis and Hydrolysis of Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone: Biotransformation Process and Feasibility Investigation.

A novel yeast-mediated hydrogenation was developed for the synthesis of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) in high yields (over 83%). Moreover, whole-cell catalytic hydrolysis was also designed to hydrolyze NHDC into potential sweeteners, hesperetin dihydrochalcone-7--glucoside (HDC-G) and hesperetin dihydrochalcone (HDC). The biohydrogenation was further combined with whole-cell hydrolysis to achieve a one-pot two-step biosynthesis, utilizing yeast to hydrogenate C═C in the structure, while cells hydrolyze glycosides.

Spectrally efficient multi-service fiber-wireless access in low-cost direct-detection THz system at 300 GHz.

This Letter demonstrates a novel, to the best of knowledge, overlapping single-sideband (OSSB) transmission scheme for spectrally efficient multi-service fiber-wireless (FiWi) access in a low-cost direct-detection (DD) THz system. Utilizing the proposed OSSB scheme, user data from different services can share the same spectrum resource yet can be successfully demodulated via one cost-effective DD THz receiver in conjunction with the Kramers-Kronig (KK) based SSB field reconstruction and look-up table (LUT) enabled signal separation algorithms. A proof-of-principle experiment is conducted.

DNA methylation of DKK-1 may correlate with pathological bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis.

Objective: To investigate DNA methylation (DNAm) status of dickkopf-associated protein 1 (DKK-1) in ossified hip capsule synovium and serum among patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods: Western blot was applied to detect the level of DKK-1 protein expression in hip joint capsule tissues from four patients with AS as well as four patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF) caused by trauma as control. DKK-1 gene promoter methylation (GPM) was examined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction.

Nonlinearity mitigation in a fiber-wireless integrated system based on low-complexity autoencoder and BiLSTM-ANN equalizer.

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an intelligent nonlinear compensation method using a stacked autoencoder (SAE) model in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA) technology and a bidirectional long-short-term memory coupled with ANN (BiLSTM-ANN) nonlinear equalizer for an end-to-end (E2E) fiber-wireless integrated system. The SAE-optimized nonlinear constellation is utilized to mitigate nonlinearity during the optical and electrical conversion process. Our proposed BiLSTM-ANN equalizer is primarily based on time memory and information extraction characteristics, which can compensate for the remaining nonlinear redundancy.

Analysis of circular RNA expression profile of pathological bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis.

Objective: To screen and analyze the function of specific CircRNAs involved in pathological bone formation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods: From September 2019 to October 2020, hip capsule tissues obtained from 3 patients with AS developed hip joint fusion and 3 patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF) were obtained. The circular RNA expressions of hip capsule were analyzed by Arraystar CircRNA chip.

Photonics-aided integrated sensing and communications in mmW bands based on a DC-offset QPSK-encoded LFMCW.

The evolution of mobile communications towards millimeter-wave (mmW) bands provides a strong opportunity for the seamless integration of radar and wireless communications. We present a photonics-aided mmW integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) system constructed by photonic up-conversion using a coherent optical frequency comb, which facilitates zero frequency offset of the resulting mmW signal. The sensing and communications functions are enabled by a joint waveform that encodes a DC-offset QPSK signal on a linear frequency-modulated continuous wave (LFMCW) in baseband.

Demonstration of 144-Gbps Photonics-Assisted THz Wireless Transmission at 500 GHz Enabled by Joint DBN Equalizer.

The THz wireless transmission system based on photonics has been a promising candidate for further 6G communication, which can provide hundreds of Gbps or even Tbps data capacity. In this paper, 144-Gbps dual polarization quadrature-phase-shift-keying (DP-QPSK) signal generation and transmission over a 20-km SSMF and 3-m wireless 2 × 2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) link at 500 GHz have been demonstrated. To further compensate for the linear and nonlinear distortions during the fiber-wireless transmission, a novel joint Deep Belief Network (J-DBN) equalizer is proposed.

Comparative transcriptomics to reveal the mechanism of enhanced catalytic activities of Aspergillus niger whole-cells cultured with different inducers in hydrolysis of citrus flavonoids.

A new Aspergillus niger whole-cell catalyst was cultured for the cascade hydrolysis of hesperidin (HES) to produce high-value hesperetin-7-O-glucoside (HG) and hesperetin with high conversion (above 90%). Moreover, the inducers used were shown to be useful for cell growth and to induce cells to produce specific enzymes. Remarkably, the type of inducers determined whether the cells can hydrolyze HES.

Engineering Multifunctional Hydrogel With Osteogenic Capacity for Critical-Size Segmental Bone Defect Repair.

Treating critical-size segmental bone defects is an arduous challenge in clinical work. Preparation of bone graft substitutes with notable osteoinductive properties is a feasible strategy for critical-size bone defects. Herein, a biocompatible hydrogel was designed by dynamic supramolecular assembly of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium tetraborate (NaBO), and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS).

Tyrosinase inhibitory mechanism and the anti-browning properties of piceid and its ester.

Different mechanisms for inhibiting tyrosinase can be exploited to avoid quality losses caused by the enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables. Piceid (PI) and piceid 6″-O- azelaic acid ester (PIA) are oxidized by tyrosinase; however, their oxidation products may have inhibitory effects on tyrosinase. This notion is because l-DOPA oxidation was inhibited after the pre-incubation of PI/PIA with tyrosinase, however, l-DOPA oxidation was not affected if this pre-incubation was not performed.

Real-time demonstration of 103.125-Gbps fiber-THz-fiber 2 × 2 MIMO transparent transmission at 360-430 GHz based on photonics.

In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate the first real-time transparent fiber-THz-fiber 2 × 2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission system with a record line rate of 125.516 Gbps at 360-430 GHz based on photonic remote heterodyning, hybrid optoelectronic down-conversion, and commercial digital coherent modules. The 103.

Decreased serum CXCL12/SDF-1 concentrations may reflect disease severity of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head.

Objective: The current study was performed to investigate the potential association of serum CXCL12 with disease severity in non-traumatic ONFH.

Methods: This study enrolled 182 patients with non-traumatic ONFH and 182 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The CXCL12 levels in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

In vitro absorption and lipid-lowering activity of baicalin esters synthesized by whole-cell catalyzed esterification.

Baicalin, a phenolic glycoside with good lipid-lowering activity, has poor intestinal absorption due to low lipophilicity. In this study, six ester derivatives of baicalin, named BECn (n = 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10) based on their fatty chain lengths, were synthesized by whole-cell catalyzed esterification to improve lipophilicity, and the intestinal absorption and lipid-lowering activity of the synthesized esters were investigated using cell models in vitro. BEC2, BEC3, and BEC4 exhibited higher P values than baicalin in Caco-2 cell monolayers.

Increased serum CXCL10 levels are associated with clinical severity and radiographic progression in patients with lumbar disc degeneration.

Background: Lumbar intervertebral degenerative disc disease (IDD) is a multifaceted progressive condition that commonly occurs in conjunction with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). CXCL10 mRNA appears to be increased in both IDD and LHD.

Objective: This study was performed to identify the relationship between serum CXCL10 levels and disease severity in patients with IDD.

Efficient Enzymatic Synthesis of Lipophilic Phenolic Glycoside Azelaic Acid Esters and Their Depigmenting Activity.

In this paper, an enzymatic route for synthesizing phenolic glycoside azelaic acid esters was successfully set up via lipase-catalyzed esterification and transesterification. Among the lipases tested, lipase B (Novozyme 435) showed the highest activity in catalyzing esterification and (Lipozyme TLIM) gave the highest substrate conversion in catalyzing transesterification for the synthesis of ester. The addition of 4A molecular sieves into the reaction system is found to be an effective method for absorption of the byproduct water and methanol, with which the substrate conversions of the enzymatic esterification and transesterification were 98.

Tail suspension delays ectopic ossification in proteoglycan-induced ankylosing spondylitis in mice via miR-103/DKK1.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), characterized by inflammatory lesions and osteophyte formation, is a common immune rheumatic disease affecting the sacroiliac and axial joints. A high-intensity mechanical load is known to accelerate the heterotopic ossification associated with enthesitis in AS. Thus, the present study explored whether decreased mechanical load could delay the heterotopic ossification in AS.