Comparison of adverse cardiovascular event endpoints between patients with diabetes and patients without diabetes based on coronary artery plaques: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The classification of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) endpoints in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and either confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) or high CAD risk, as well as the extent of the association between T2DM and coronary plaque characteristics, remains uncertain.

Purpose: This meta-analysis aims to compare MACE endpoints between patients with diabetes and patients without diabetes based on coronary artery plaques.

Methods: We searched studies from Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up until September 1, 2023.

A mechanistic systems biology model of brain microvascular endothelial cell signaling reveals dynamic pathway-based therapeutic targets for brain ischemia.

Ischemic stroke is a significant threat to human health. Currently, there is a lack of effective treatments for stroke, and progress in new neuron-centered drug target development is relatively slow. On the other hand, studies have demonstrated that brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) are crucial components of the neurovascular unit and play pivotal roles in ischemic stroke progression.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the medicinal insect Blaps rhynchopetera using Nanopore and Hi-C technologies.

Blaps rhynchopetera Fairmaire is a significant medicinal resource in southwestern China. We utilized Nanopore and Hi-C technologies in combination to generate a high-quality, chromosome-level assembly of the B. rhynchopetera genome and described its genetic features.

Comprehensive Analysis of Immune Responses to Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Neoadjuvant immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, little is known about which patients are likely to benefit most from neoadjuvant immunotherapy. In this study, we performed a multiplatform analysis on samples from resectable NSCLC treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy to explore molecular characteristics related to immune responses.

Controlled and orthogonal partitioning of large particles into biomolecular condensates.

Biomolecular condensates arising from liquid-liquid phase separation contribute to diverse cellular processes, such as gene expression. Partitioning of client molecules into condensates is critical to regulating the composition and function of condensates. Previous studies suggest that client size limits partitioning, with dextrans >5 nm excluded from condensates.

B-O-O-B Impurity Induces Ultralong Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Boric Acid.

Organic materials that can emit ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have attracted a great deal of interest. Whether the pure boric acid (BA) solid can emit RTP and the origin of the RTP in BA caused a debate recently. Herein, our first-principles calculations and experimental measurements suggest that RTP of BA originates from the B-O-O-B group in a (HBO) species, which can be formed by polymerization of two dehydrogenated BA molecules under light irradiation.

Understanding the nutritional benefits through plant proteins-probiotics interactions: mechanisms, challenges, and perspectives.

The nutritional benefits of combining probiotics with plant proteins have sparked increasing research interest and drawn significant attention. The interactions between plant proteins and probiotics demonstrate substantial potential for enhancing the functionality of plant proteins. Fermented plant protein foods offer a unique blend of bioactive components and beneficial microorganisms that can enhance gut health and combat chronic diseases.

High sodium intake and fluid overhydration predict cardiac structural and functional impairments in chronic kidney disease.

Background: High sodium intake and fluid overhydration are common factors of and strongly associated with adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Yet, their effects on cardiac dysfunction remain unclear.

Aims: The study aimed to explore the impact of salt and volume overload on cardiac alterations in non-dialysis CKD.

Comparative genomics analysis of pheophorbide oxygenase () genes in eight pyrus genomes and their regulatory role in multiple stress responses in Chinese pear ().

Pyrus (pear) is among the most nutritious fruits and contains fibers that have great health benefits to humans. It is mostly cultivated in temperate regions globally and is highly subjected to biotic and abiotic stresses which affect its yield. Pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO) is an essential component of the chlorophyll degradation system and contributes to the senescence of leaves.

Non-Noble-Metal-Doped Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts for Water Splitting Screened Out by Empty Defect States and the d-Band Center.

A rational design of water-splitting photocatalysts from the perspective of the electronic structure is highly desirable for optimizing catalytic activities. However, the structure-activity relationship is still unclear, which impedes the development of efficient catalysts. Herein, by comparing systematically the overall water-splitting capability of 20 kinds of metallic elements anchored at three sites (including cavity, carbon vacancy, and nitrogen vacancy) of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) through density functional theory calculations, we uncover that availability of in-gap empty defect states and the d-band center position are paramount parameters to determine activities of g-CN on photocatalytic water splitting.

Natural antioxidants enhance the oxidation stability of blended oils enriched in unsaturated fatty acids.

Background: Rancidity causes unpleasant tastes and smells, and the degradation of fatty acids and natural antioxidants, so that an oil is unfit to be consumed. Natural antioxidants, including tocopherols, polyphenols (sesamol, canolol, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, etc.), β-carotene, squalene and phytosterols, contribute to delay the oxidation of vegetable oils.

Extraction, functionality, and applications of protein/peptide.

() has been widely used in commercial food and feed production for numerous years. Its high protein content and cost-effectiveness make it an attractive source of novel protein. With a focus on sustainable development and the search for green natural products, current research is dedicated to maximizing the utilization of protein (CPP) and peptide.

Analysis of spatiotemporal patterns of atmospheric CO concentration in the Yellow River Basin over the past decade based on time-series remote sensing data.

Understanding the spatial and temporal variations of CO column concentration (CO-CCs) is crucial for tackling climate change and promoting sustainable human development. This study provides an in-depth analysis of CO dynamics in the Yellow River Basin, an area significantly affected by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Using data from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) and the Fourier transformation spectrometer (FTS) of the GOSAT satellite remote sensing sensors, supplemented with ground station data from the Waliguan station, we scrutinized the CO levels in the region from 2013 to 2022.

Effects of Endogenous Anti-Oxidative Components from Different Vegetable Oils on Their Oxidative Stability.

The effects of endogenous anti-oxidative components of ten common edible vegetable oils (palm olein, corn oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, perilla seed oil, high oleic sunflower oil, peanut oil, camellia oil, linseed oil, and sesame oil) on oxidation were explored in this research. The oxidation processes and patterns of the oils were investigated with the Schaal oven test using fatty acids and the oxidative stability index, acid value, peroxide value, -anisidine value, total oxidation value, and content of major endogenous anti-oxidative components as indicators. The major endogenous anti-oxidative components in vegetable oils were tocopherols, sterols, polyphenols, and squalene, among which α-tocopherol, β-sitosterol, and polyphenols showed good anti-oxidative activity.

Many-Body Green's Function Theory for Electronic Excitations in Complex Chemical Systems.

The GW method and the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) have exhibited excellent performance in computing charged and neutral electronic excitations in materials of various dimensions in the past decades. Extensive benchmark studies have demonstrated that their precision can reach the level of high-level wave function approaches with a much lower computational cost. GW and BSE outperform the density functional theory because of both the more accurate electronic structures in GW and the capability to treat local, charge-transfer, and Rydberg excitations on the same footing in BSE.

Toward a see-through camera via AR lightguide.

As the foundation of virtual content generation, cameras are crucial for augmented reality (AR) applications, yet their integration with transparent displays has remained a challenge. Prior efforts to develop see-through cameras have struggled to achieve high resolution and seamless integration with AR displays. In this work, we present LightguideCam, a compact and flexible see-through camera based on an AR lightguide.

Comparing dual heat pulse methods with Péclet's number as universal switch to measure sap flow across a wide range.

Accurate determination of sap flow over a wide measurement range is important for assessing tree transpiration. However, this is difficult to achieve by using a single heat pulse method. Recent attempts have been made to combine multiple heat pulse methods and have successfully increased the sap flow measurement range.

Crucial Role of Defect States in the Ultralong Phosphorescence of Organic Molecular Crystals.

Ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) in pure organic molecular crystals has attracted a lot of interest recently. There is much debate on the emission mechanism of this UOP. Two recent experimental works published in 2019, 13, 406-411 and 2021, 20, 175-180 attribute UOP in the 2,4,6-trimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (TMOT) crystals and the carbazole crystals to H-aggregation of the TMOT molecules or the formation of charge-transfer excitons between the carbazole and impurity molecules.

The prevalence and the effect of interferon -γ in the comorbidity of rheumatoid arthritis and depression.

Background: Depression is the most common comorbidities associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to explore the mechanism of association between RA and depression.

Methods: 120 subjects were enrolled and depression was diagnosed and assessed using DSM-5 and 24-item version of Hamilton Depression Scale.

A novel approach for the non-invasive diagnosis of pulmonary nodules using low-depth whole-genome sequencing of cell-free DNA.

Background: Differentiating between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules is a diagnostic challenge, and inaccurate detection can result in unnecessary invasive procedures. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been successfully utilized to detect various solid tumors. In this study, we developed a genome-wide approach to explore the characteristics of cfDNA sequencing reads obtained by low-depth whole-genome sequencing (LD-WGS) to diagnose pulmonary nodules.

20-Hydroxytetraenoic acid induces hepatic fibrosis via the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.

Hepatic fibrosis is caused by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) due to repeated liver injury. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of hepatic fibrosis. A study showed that CYP4A14 gene defect can inhibit hepatic fibrosis, but the specific mechanism was not clear.

IL-8 exacerbates CCl-induced liver fibrosis in human IL-8-expressing mice via the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α pathway.

Liver fibrosis is an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) due to chronic liver injury. In recent years, the mechanism of liver fibrosis has been extensively studied. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play an important role in the occurrence and development of liver fibrosis because activated hepatic stellate cells could synthesize a large number of ECM and thus participate in the process of liver fibrosis.

The promotion mechanism of prebiotics for probiotics: A review.

Prebiotics and probiotics play a positive role in promoting human nutrition and health. Prebiotics are compounds that cannot be digested by the host, but can be used and fermented by probiotics, so as to promote the reproduction and metabolism of intestinal probiotics for the health of body. It has been confirmed that probiotics have clinical or health care functions in preventing or controlling intestinal, respiratory, and urogenital infections, allergic reaction, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and other aspects.