Bile acid receptor FXR promotes intestinal epithelial ferroptosis and subsequent ILC3 dysfunction in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common pediatric emergency primarily afflicting preterm infants, yet its mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Here, we report that plasma fibroblast growth factor (FGF)19, a target of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), was positively correlated with the clinical parameters of NEC. NEC patients and the NEC murine model displayed abundant FXR in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), which was restricted by microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) under homeostasis.

cDC1 Dependent Accumulation of Memory T Cells Is Required for Chronic Autoimmune Inflammation in Murine Testis.

As an immune privilege site, there are various types of immune cells in the testis. Previous research has been focused on the testicular macrophages, and much less is known about the T cells in the testis. Here, we found that T cells with memory phenotypes were the most abundant leukocyte in the testis except for macrophages.

4,4'-Diaponeurosporene-Producing Bacillus subtilis Promotes the Development of the Mucosal Immune System of the Piglet Gut.

Gut mucosal immune responses are known to act as the first line of defense against invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. Piglets have an incompletely developed gut mucosal immune system, making them sensitive to intestinal infections. Promoting the development of the mucosal immune system will increase the pathogen resistance of piglets.

Impact of TGEV infection on the pig small intestine.

Background: Pig diarrhea causes high mortality and large economic losses in the swine industry. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) causes pig diarrhea, with 100% mortality in piglets less than 2 weeks old. No investigation has yet been made of the small intestine of piglets that survived infection by TGEV.

Histological studies on the development of porcine tonsils after birth.

Tonsils form the topographically first immune barrier of an organism against the invasion of pathogens. We used histology to study the development of tonsils of pigs after birth. At birth, the tonsils consist of diffuse lymphoid tissue without any lymphoid follicle aggregations.

Effects of intranasal administration with on immune cells in the nasal mucosa and tonsils of piglets.

The nasal mucosa is the body's first barrier against pathogens entering through the respiratory tract. The respiratory immune system of pigs has more similarities with humans than the mouse respiratory system does, and so was selected as the animal model in the present study. To evaluate the effects of as a potential probiotic to stimulate local immune responses, piglets were intranasally administered with Dylight 488-labeled (WB800-green fluorescent protein).

Amelioration of the DSS-induced colitis in mice by pretreatment with 4,4'-diaponeurosporene-producing .

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronically relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Current IBD treatments have poor tolerability and insufficient therapeutic efficacy, thus, alternative therapeutic approaches are required. Recently, a number of dietary supplements have emerged as promising interventions.