A clinician's perspective on boron neutron capture therapy: promising advances, ongoing trials, and future outlook.

Purpose: This comprehensive review aims to provide a unique clinical perspective on the latest advances and ongoing boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) trials for various cancers.

Methods: We critically analyzed clinical data from BNCT trials for head and neck cancer, glioblastoma, melanoma, meningioma, breast cancer, and liver tumors. We investigated differences in tumor responses and normal tissue toxicities among trials and discussed potential contributing factors.

Effect of Stewing Time on the Small Molecular Metabolites, Free Fatty Acids, and Volatile Flavor Compounds in Chicken Broth.

Chicken broth has a taste of umami, and the stewing time has an important effect on the quality of chicken broth, but there are fewer studies on the control of the stewing time. Based on this, the study was conducted to analyze the effects of different stewing times on the sensory, small molecular metabolites, free fatty acids, and volatile flavor compounds contents in chicken broths by liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, headspace solid-phase microextraction, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eighty-nine small molecular metabolites, 15 free fatty acids, and 86 volatile flavor compounds were detected.

Effect of different salt additions on the taste and flavor-related compounds in chicken soup.

Chicken soup is popular among consumers because of its delicious taste, strong flavor, and abundant nutritional value. Twenty-four Yunnan local hens were stewed by adding different amounts of NaCl [1.5, 2, 2.

Precise Molecular Profiling of Circulating Exosomes Using a Metal-Organic Framework-Based Sensing Interface and an Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Logic Platform.

Exosomes have emerged as a promising circulating tumor biomarker; however, it is a big challenge for convenient, multiparametric, and accurate profiling of tumorous exosomes due to their unique structure and heterogeneity. To address these problems, we develop a highly integrated electrochemical platform for molecular profiling of tumor exosomes. A metal-organic framework-functionalized sensing interface is fabricated through a simple self-growth process, which collects exosomes from biofluids without additional separation steps.

Aptamer-Linked CRISPR/Cas12a-Based Immunoassay.

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas system has shown great promising applications in the area of nucleic acid biosensing. However, because of the dearth of versatile signal transduction strategies, this system is usually compromised to low versatility, moderate sensitivity, and complex operation for non-nucleic acid targets, limiting its clinical transition. Herein, we describe a direct method to establish the correlation between non-nucleic acid analytes and the CRISPR/Cas12a system using a series of rationally designed, aptamer-flanked activator DNA strands, which enable ultrasensitive detection of biomarkers from different species, greatly broadening the possibility of the CRISPR/Cas system in bioanalysis.

Coating a DNA self-assembled monolayer with a metal organic framework-based exoskeleton for improved sensing performance.

The formation of DNA self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is one of the most popular ways to attach DNA molecules onto Au surfaces and is extensively used in many fields, especially in biosensing. However, the relatively poor stability of DNA SAMs (e.g.

A reusable electrochemical sensor for one-step biosensing in complex media using triplex-forming oligonucleotide coupled DNA nanostructure.

Here we report an electrochemical DNA (E-DNA) sensor to detect a variety of analytes by using a novel interfacial probe that rationally integrates triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO) into a tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN). In the presence of analyte, the blocked TFO is released and subsequently binds the edge of TDN to form a triplex DNA structure, which confines the redox reporter to be in close proximity to the underlying electrode and enhances the electrochemical signal. Thanks to the unique design and property of the probe, the proposed sensor could efficiently suppress the background signal (from 0.

Bridging exosome and liposome through zirconium-phosphate coordination chemistry: a new method for exosome detection.

We have proposed a new exosomes-zirconium-liposomes sandwich structure to detect exosomes by using zirconium-phosphate coordination chemistry. The combined use of the intrinsic property of phosphate in both exosomes and liposomes as well as zirconium ions can endow the method lower cost, no modified label, simplicity and high efficiency.

A programmed terminal extension strategy to light up multiple beacons for DNA and cellular telomerase detection.

Here we develop a new method for the sensitive detection of DNA and cellular telomerase using an enzyme-triggered terminal extension strategy that the produced strand can light up multiple beacons on the surface of gold nanoparticles.

Evaluating Tumor-Associated Activity of Extracellular Sulfatase by Analyzing Naturally Occurring Substrate in Tumor Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The progress of cancer is intimately connected with the activity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) enzymes. To evaluate the promoting effect of these enzymes on tumor development in a pathological biocontext, we propose in this work to analyze their natural substrates in the ECM. This strategy is demonstrated by studying heparan sulfate (HS), the substrate of ECM sulfatase, in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Supramolecular Chemistry-Assisted Electrochemical Method for the Assay of Endogenous Peptidylarginine Deiminases Activities.

Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is the only isoform of PADs located within the cell nucleus, which has been known to be related to several human diseases. In this work, we have proposed an electrochemical method for the assay of endogenous PAD4 activities as well as the studies of PAD4 inhibitors by making use of the supramolecular chemistry-assisted signal labeling. Specifically, peptide probes P1 and P2, which separately contain cysteine residues and tripeptides FGG (Phe-Gly-Gly), can be self-assembled onto the surface of the gold electrode and silver nanoparticles, respectively.

Improvement of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the multicolor detection of biomarkers.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that is dependent on enzyme amplification has dominated the current field of protein detection; however, limited multiple detection ability and susceptible enzymatic reactions, and low sensitivity may severely hinder its application. Here, we report a new signal amplification scheme based on allochroic molecule modified carboxyl graphene oxide (cGO), which can be used to develop a multicolor immunoassay named as allochroic-cGO linked immunosorbent assay (ALISA). Thanks to high adsorption levels and a wide selection of allochroic molecules, the simultaneous colorimetric detection of diagnostic biomarkers at a picogram level can be successfully achieved for the first time.

An array-based approach to determine different subtype and differentiation of non-small cell lung cancer.

Simple and accurate methods of discriminating subtype or differentiation of human tumor are critical for designing treatment strategies and predicting disease prognosis, and the currently used method to determine the two important factors mainly depends on histological examination by microscopy observation, which is laborious, highly trained operator required, and prone to be disruptive due to individual-to-individual judgment. Here we report a novel array-based method based on the interaction of graphene oxide (GO) and single-strand DNA modified gold nanoparticles (ssDNA-AuNPs) to distinguish between different subtypes and grades of tumors through their overall intracellular proteome signatures. Strategically, we first select eight proteins at 0.

MicroRNA-409-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in human lung adenocarcinoma by targeting c-Met.

Background/aims: Dysregulation of microRNAs is correlated with tumor development. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of microRNA (miR)-409-3p and its tumor suppressor roles in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD).

Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect miR-409-3p expression in LAD tissues and corresponding noncancerous tissues.

Enhanced charge transfer by gold nanoparticle at DNA modified electrode and its application to label-free DNA detection.

Rational utilization of nanomaterials to construct electrochemical nucleic acid sensors has attracted large attention in recent years. In this work, we systematically interrogate the interaction between gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and single-strand DNA (ssDNA) immobilized on an electrode surface and then take advantage of the ultrahigh charge-transfer efficiency of GNPs to develop a novel DNA sensing method. Specifically, ssDNA modified gold electrode can adsorb GNPs because of the interaction between gold and nitrogen-containing bases; thus, the negative electrochemical species [Fe(CN)6](3-/4-) may transfer electrons to electrode through adsorbed GNPs.

Lignin binding to pancreatic lipase and its influence on enzymatic activity.

In this paper, we find that the effect of lignin on pancreatic lipase (PL) is dependent on reaction medium and substrate used. Experimental results reveal that lignin can gradually bind to PL to form a PL-lignin complex, resulting in an increased activity of the enzyme. The binding process is spontaneous and the PL-lignin complex formation is an endothermic reaction induced by hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction.