Immune checkpoint inhibitor induced colitis and arthritis: A case report.

Rationale: As a programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, camrelizumab is used in the treatment of a variety of malignancies. However, a variety of immune-mediated adverse reactions have been reported in a wide range of clinical applications, including immune-related colitis, arthritis, hepatitis, etc.

Patient Concerns: This 56-year-old male patient experienced diarrhea, bloody stool, and knee pain after receiving camrelizumab for metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

miR-381 inhibited breast cancer cells proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis by targeting CXCR4.

Background: MicroRNAs act as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression in many biological processes, which played a vital role in regulation cancer cells epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. The deregulation of miR-381 has been identified in breast cancer. However, the role and mechanism of miR-381 in breast cancer have not been completely unexplored.

LDH-A promotes malignant progression via activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and conferring stemness in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Lactate dehydrogenase-A(LDH-A) is an important rate-limiting enzyme in the Warburg effect. Survival analysis indicated poor clinical outcomes in MIBC with high LDH-A expression. The results of in vitro experiment indicated that LDH-A promotes MIBC cells proliferation, invasion and migration.

The advantages of PD1 activating chimeric receptor (PD1-ACR) engineered lymphocytes for PDL1(+) cancer therapy.

Tumors exploit immunoregulatory checkpoints to attenuate T cell responses as a means of circumventing immunologic rejection. By activating the inhibitory costimulatory pathway of Programmed Death 1 (PD1)/PDL1 which provides tumor cells an escape mechanism from immune surveillance, Programmed Death Ligand1 (PDL1)(+) tumors hamper activated tumor-specific T cell functions and render them functionally exhausted. To overcome the inhibitory costimulatory effects of PDL1 on the adoptively transferred T cells, we sought to convert PD1 to a T cell costimulatory receptor by exchanging its transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail with CD28 and 4-1BB signaling domains (PD1-CD28-4-1BB, PD1-ACR), anticipating the genetically modified effector T lymphocytes expressing PD1-ACR would exhibit enhanced functional attributes.