The adipose-neural axis is involved in epicardial adipose tissue-related cardiac arrhythmias.

Dysfunction of the sympathetic nervous system and increased epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) have been independently associated with the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmia. However, their exact roles in triggering arrhythmia remain elusive. Here, using an in vitro coculture system with sympathetic neurons, cardiomyocytes, and adipocytes, we show that adipocyte-derived leptin activates sympathetic neurons and increases the release of neuropeptide Y (NPY), which in turn triggers arrhythmia in cardiomyocytes by interacting with the Y1 receptor (Y1R) and subsequently enhancing the activity of the Na/Ca exchanger (NCX) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII).

Generation of Functional and Mature Sympathetic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells via a Neuroepithelial Route.

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a crucial branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that is responsible for regulating visceral function and various physiological processes. Dysfunction of the SNS can lead to various diseases, such as hypertension and metabolic disorders. However, obtaining sympathetic neurons from human tissues for research is challenging.

Migration deficits of the neural crest caused by CXADR triplication in a human Down syndrome stem cell model.

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality in live-born infants and is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. Most individuals with DS display craniofacial dysmorphology, including reduced sizes of the skull, maxilla, and mandible. However, the underlying pathogenesis remains largely unknown.

Transplantation of hPSC-derived pericyte-like cells promotes functional recovery in ischemic stroke mice.

Pericytes play essential roles in blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and dysfunction or degeneration of pericytes is implicated in a set of neurological disorders although the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. However, the scarcity of material sources hinders the application of BBB models in vitro for pathophysiological studies. Additionally, whether pericytes can be used to treat neurological disorders remains to be elucidated.

Characterization and Therapeutic Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Neuromesodermal Origin from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) hold great promise in the treatment of various diseases including autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, etc., due to their pleiotropic properties. However, largely incongruent data were obtained from different MSC-based clinical trials, which may be partially due to functional heterogeneity among MSC.

Up-regulation of TREM2 accelerates the reduction of amyloid deposits and promotes neuronal regeneration in the hippocampus of amyloid beta1-42 injected mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a robust inflammatory response elicited by the accumulation and subsequently deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) within the brain. The immune cells of brain migrate to and invest their processes within Aβ plaques and clear plaques from the brain. Previous studies have shown that treatment of myeloid cell with nuclear factor inhibitor increases expression of phagocytesis-related genes, such as triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2).

Extract of promotes neuronal regeneration in the hippocampus after exposure to acrylamide.

Previous studies have demonstrated a neuroprotective effect of extract of against neuronal damage, but have mainly focused on antioxidation of extract of . To date, limited studies have determined whether extrasct of has a protective effect on neuronal damage. In the present study, acrylamide and 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg extract of were administered for 4 weeks by gavage to establish mouse models.