The phosphorylation-deubiquitination positive feedback loop of the CHK2-USP7 axis stabilizes p53 under oxidative stress.

p53 regulates multiple signaling pathways and maintains cell homeostasis under conditions of DNA damage and oxidative stress. Although USP7 has been shown to promote p53 stability via deubiquitination, the USP7-p53 activation mechanism has remained unclear. Here, we propose that DNA damage induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and activates ATM-CHK2, and CHK2 then phosphorylates USP7 at S168 and T231.

ATM-CHK2-TRIM32 axis regulates ATG7 ubiquitination to initiate autophagy under oxidative stress.

Oxidative stress-induced autophagy helps to prevent cellular damage and to maintain homeostasis. However, the regulatory pathway that initiates autophagy remains unclear. We previously showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as signaling molecules to activate the ATM-CHK2 pathway and promote autophagy.

Expression and regulatory network of E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 family in cancers.

NEDD4 family represent an important group of E3 ligases, which regulate various cellular pathways of cell proliferation, cell junction and inflammation. Emerging evidence suggested that NEDD4 family members participate in the initiation and development of tumor. In this study, we systematically investigated the molecular alterations as well as the clinical relevance regarding NEDD4 family genes in 33 cancer types.

A Magtein, Magnesium L-Threonate, -Based Formula Improves Brain Cognitive Functions in Healthy Chinese Adults.

Magnesium is one of the most abundant essential minerals in the body. Magnesium supplements mostly have low bioavailability, except magnesium L-threonate. In 2010, a novel magnesium compound, magnesium L-threonate (Magtein) was identified and was shown to raise the magnesium levels in the brain and neurons effectively.

Di-n-butyl phthalate regulates vascular smooth muscle cells phenotypic switching by MiR-139-5p-MYOCD pathways.

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is ubiquitous in environment and has been detected in almost all human bodies. Few data could be found about the effects of DBP on cardiovascular system, though its reproductive toxicities have been studied extensively. This study aimed to explore effects of DBP on phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), an essential step during the formation of atherosclerosis (AS).

Di-n-butyl phthalate promotes monocyte recruitment via miR-137-3p-SP1-MCP-1 pathway.

Since non-covalent bound character and widespread application in numerous products, people are exposed to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) at low levels through various ways. Epidemiological studies suggested an association between DBP exposure and atherosclerosis (AS). Still, molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

Intrauterine exposure of mice to arsenite induces abnormal and transgenerational glycometabolism.

The adverse, transgenerational effects on health caused by environmental pollutants are receiving increasing attention. For humans and mice, inorganic arsenic (iAs), a widespread environmental contaminant, is associated with diabetic phenotypes. However, the transgenerational effects of arsenite-induced changes in glucose metabolism in mice have not been fully investigated.

Di-n-butyl phthalate promotes lipid accumulation via the miR200c-5p-ABCA1 pathway in THP-1 macrophages.

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is ubiquitously in the environment and has been detected in almost all of human bodies. Few data could be found about the effects of DBP on cardiovascular system, though its reproductive toxicities have been studied extensively. This study aimed to explore the effects of DBP on lipid metabolism, a key step during the formation of atherosclerosis, since DBP was recently reported to be associated with atherosclerosis.

Arsenite-induced transgenerational glycometabolism is associated with up-regulation of H3K4me2 via inhibiting spr-5 in caenorhabditis elegans.

Arsenic (As) is a toxic element that is highly abundant in the environment. However, there has not been sufficient research into the mechanisms of arsenic-induced transgenerational effects. In biomedical and environmental toxicology research field, C.

Metabolomics Reveals that Cysteine Metabolism Plays a Role in Celastrol-Induced Mitochondrial Apoptosis in HL-60 and NB-4 Cells.

Recently, celastrol has shown great potential for inducing apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells, especially acute promyelocytic leukaemia cells. However, the mechanism is poorly understood. Metabolomics provides an overall understanding of metabolic mechanisms to illustrate celastrol's mechanism of action.

A metabolomic study on the gender-dependent effects of maternal exposure to fenvalerate on neurodevelopment in offspring mice.

Background: The general population is widely exposed to fenvalerate. However, the effects of maternal exposure to fenvalerate on neurodevelopment in offspring and the underlying metabolic mechanism are largely unknown.

Methods: Pregnant mice were exposed to fenvalerate for 11 consecutive days.

SREBP2-STARD4 is involved in synthesis of cholesteryl ester stimulated by mono-butyl phthalate in MLTC-1 cells.

Sterol is synthesized from cholesterol which is from the hydrolysis of stored cholesteryl esters. The process of maintaining cholesterol homeostasis is regulated by SREBP2-STARD4. Lots of researches demonstrated that male steroidogenesis could be interfered by di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) or monobutyl phthalate (MBP).

Deficiency of X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 in primordial germ cells contributes to male infertility.

X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (), a key DNA repair gene, plays a vital role in maintaining genomic stability and is highly expressed in the early stages of spermatogenesis, but the exact functions remain elusive. Here we generated primordial germ cell-specific knockout (c) mice to elucidate the effects of on spermatogenesis. We demonstrated that deficiency results in infertility in male mice due to impaired spermatogenesis.

RhoG-ELMO1-RAC1 is involved in phagocytosis suppressed by mono-butyl phthalate in TM4 cells.

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most dominant phthalate esters and is ubiquitous in the environment. Male reproductive toxicity of DBP and its active metabolite mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) has been demonstrated in in vivo and in vitro studies. The objective of this study was to explore the roles of RhoG-ELMO1-RAC1 in phagocytosis disrupted by MBP in TM4 cells.

NF-κB-vimentin is involved in steroidogenesis stimulated by di--butyl phthalate in prepubertal female rats.

This study was aimed at assessing steroidogenesis stimulated by low-dose exposure to DBP in prepubertal female rats. Animals were gavaged with DBP from postnatal day 21 to 33 at 0, 1, 10 and 500 mg kg day. 500 mg kg day was selected since it was used in numerous studies and the inhibitory effect could be observed at this dosage.

A new approach for Alzheimer's disease treatment through P-gp regulation via ibuprofen.

This study was aimed to investigate whether ibuprofen could alter the P-glycoprotein expression and function under Alzheimer's Disease condition and whether this alteration was induced by the inhibition of inflammatory reaction. APP/PS1 mice were used as AD model mice and ibuprofen-treated AD mice were given ibuprofen for 5 months. Then, Abcb1a/1b mRNA levels and P-gp expression were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot.

NF-κB-vimentin is involved in steroidogenesis stimulated by mono-butyl phthalate in primary cultured ovarian granulosa cells.

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and its active metabolite, monobutyl phthalate (MBP) are the most common endocrine disrupting chemicals. Many studies indicated the effects of MBP on male steroidogenesis, however, little attention have been paid on the effects of low levels of MBP on female steroidogenesis. This study was aimed to assess steroidogenesis stimulated by low-dose MBP on primary cultured ovarian granulosa cells (mGCs).

Selective estrogen receptor modulator: A novel polysaccharide from Sparganii Rhizoma induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells.

A polysaccharide named SpaTA, as novel selective estrogen receptor modulator, was isolated from water extraction of traditional Chinese herbal medicine Sparganii Rhizoma. SpaTA had a backbone consisting of 2-O-grailsine-β-xylose (4→6)-α-glucose (1→4) -β-mannose osamine. There is an aluminium element combined with nitrogen on both grailsine and mannose osamine in repeating unit of SpaTA.

Perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced testicular toxicity and differential testicular expression of estrogen receptor in male mice.

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, CAS#1763-23-1) causes male reproductive toxicities, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, 0, 0.5 and 10mg/kg/day PFOS were given by oral gavage to adult mice for 5 weeks.

Vimentin-Mediated Steroidogenesis Induced by Phthalate Esters: Involvement of DNA Demethylation and Nuclear Factor κB.

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and its active metabolite, monobutyl phthalate (MBP) are the most common endocrine disrupting chemicals. Many studies indicate that high-doses of DBP and/or MBP exhibit toxicity on testicular function, however, little attention have been paid to the effects of low levels of DBP/MBP on steroidogenesis. As we all know, the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) is a key regulator involved in the steroidogenesis.

The Alterations in the Expression and Function of P-Glycoprotein in Vitamin A-Deficient Rats as well as the Effect of Drug Disposition in Vivo.

This study was aimed to investigate whether vitamin A deficiency could alter P-GP expression and function in tissues of rats and whether such effects affected the drug distribution in vivo of vitamin A-deficient rats. We induced vitamin A-deficient rats by giving them a vitamin A-free diet for 12 weeks. Then, Abcb1/P-GP expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western blot.

The risk of menstrual abnormalities after preconceptional use of folic acid or a folic acid-containing multivitamin in Chinese women.

The associations of preconceptional folic acid use with menstruation-related changes were examined by a retrospective study through 219 questionnaires. The kind of folic acid (alone or with other vitamins), the using time and frequency, the menstrual regularity, the cycle length before and after use, and other menstruation-related changes after use were obtained. Two hundred of 219 participants were users, and menstruation-related changes occurred in 32 women, with abnormalities of involvement being longer cycles (increase of 3-20 days, 7.

miRNA-200c mediates mono-butyl phthalate-disrupted steroidogenesis by targeting vimentin in Leydig tumor cells and murine adrenocortical tumor cells.

The reproductive toxicity of plasticizer di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and its active metabolite monobutyl phthalate (MBP) has been demonstrated in rodents. The objective of this study was to explore roles of vimentin and miRNA-200c in steroidogenesis interfered by MBP. Mouse Leydig tumor cells (MLTC-1) and murine adrenocortical tumor cells (Y1) were employed and exposed to various levels of MBP (10(-7), 10(-6), 10(-5) and 10(-4)M).

Changes in Gut Microbiota May Be Early Signs of Liver Toxicity Induced by Epoxiconazole in Rats.

Objective: The gut microbiome is essential for human health due to its effects on disease development, drug metabolism and the immune system. It may also play a role in the interaction with environmental toxicants. However, the effect of epoxiconazole, a fungicide active ingredient from the class of azoles developed to protect crops, on the abundance and composition of the gut microbiome has never been studied.