Advancing clinical management of left ventricular thrombosis: prevention, detection and treatment modalities in the modern era.

Heightened interest in left ventricular thrombus (LVT) stems from the consistent association of subsequent stroke and systemic embolism after LVT, and many aspects of its management still exist in a grey area of evidence. The current delay in intervention is likely related to a limited understanding of the disease pathophysiology, along with an underestimation of LVT by standard imaging modalities. With the rapid development of antithrombotic regimens consisting of direct oral anticoagulants (OACs), which have shown early safety and efficacy, there is a growing need to understand and accurately diagnose the LVT process in order to determine appropriate management solutions.

A New Nomogram Prediction Model for Left Ventricular Thrombus in Patients with Left Ventricular Aneurysm after Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Background: To identify the factors influencing the development of a left ventricular thrombus (LVT) in patients with a left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to utilize these variables to establish a new nomogram prediction model for individual assessment in LVT.

Methods: We screened data on 1268 cases of LVA at the China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2023, and identified a total of 163 LVAs after AMI. The independent risk factors of LVT in patients with LVA after AMI were identified from univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses and a nomogram prediction model of LVT was established with independent risk factors as predictors.

Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Vellosimine Enabled by a Sequential Nucleophilic Addition/Cyclization Process.

Herein, we achieved the asymmetric synthesis of (+)-vellosimine in 13 steps (longest linear sequences, LLS). This synthesis featured a sequential nucleophilic addition/cyclization process, which provided an efficient protocol for synthesizing a range of indole fused azabicyclo[3.3.

Design, synthesis and cell imaging of a new 3-thiolflavone fluorescent probe for biothiols.

Abnormal levels of intracellular biothiol species, including glutathione (GSH), homocysteine (Hcy), and cysteine (Cys), are closely relevant to a variety of diseases. In this study, we first report the design and synthesis of a 3-thiolflavone-based probe 3-STF with an S-S linkage both as the fluorescence quenching agent and the recognition site. Upon treatment with biothiols, the S-S linkage was cleaved by nucleophilic attack of RS, and 3-STF exhibited a specific "turn-on" fluorescence response at 543.

Neuroprotection of Andrographolide Against Microglia-Mediated Inflammatory Injury and Oxidative Damage in PC12 Neurons.

Andrographolide from leaves of Andrographis paniculata has been known to possess various bioactivities. In the present study, we aimed to explore the neuroprotection of andrographolide against inflammation-mediated injury and oxidative damage. In initial studies, our findings showed that pretreatment with andrographolide could effectively reduce neuronal cell death caused by LPS-induced conditioned supernatants.

Cyathane Diterpenes from Cultures of the Bird's Nest Fungus and Their Neurotrophic and Anti-neuroinflammatory Activities.

Six new cyathane diterpenoids, cyahookerins A-F (-), as well as nine known analogues (-), were isolated from the liquid culture of the basidiomycete . Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD), and the absolute configurations of compounds and were determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Compounds and represent the first unusual cyathane acetals featuring a dioxolane ring.

Natural Terpenoids as Neuroinflammatory Inhibitors in LPS-stimulated BV-2 Microglia.

Neuroinflammation is a typical feature of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, readily become activated in response to an infection or an injury. Uncontrolled and overactivated microglia can release pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic factors and are the major culprits in neuroinflammation.

Synthesis of andrographolide analogues and their neuroprotection and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and remains incurable. Currently, neuronal injury and synapse loss have been considered to be main features in the pathophysiology of AD. Thus, modulation of neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth may represent an efficient strategy for the treatment of AD.

A thiol-inducible and quick-response DNA cross-linking agent.

Three new 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl derivatives 1-3 were successfully prepared for the first time using a simple process. They were efficiently triggered by thiols (glutathione and l-cysteine) to release the corresponding phenol derivatives (4-6) within 5 min. The quick response of 1-3 toward thiols was determined by H NMR and HPLC.

Hyperelatosides A-E, biphenyl ether glycosides from , with neurotrophic activity.

Five new biphenyl ether glycosides, hyperelatosides A-E (1-5), one new benzoate glycoside, hyperelatoside F (6), along with nine known phenolic compounds (7-15), were isolated from the aerial parts of . Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS, as well as chemical derivatization. This is the first report of the identification of biphenyl ether glycosides as plant metabolites and their possible biosynthetic pathway is proposed.

Polyoxygenated cyathane diterpenoids from the mushroom Cyathus africanus, and their neurotrophic and anti-neuroinflammatory activities.

In a previous study, we reported ten new polyoxygenated cyathane diterpenoids, neocyathins A-J, and their anti-neuroinflammatory effects from the liquid culture of the medicinal Basidiomycete Cyathus africanus. In the present study, eight new highly polyoxygenated cyathane diterpenoids, named neocyathins K-R (1-8), were isolated from the solid culture of C. africanus cultivated on cooked rice, together with three known congeners (9-11).

Characterization of isobutylhydroxyamides with NGF-potentiating activity from Zanthoxylum bungeanum.

Eight isobutylhydroxyamides, including three new (1-3), qinbunamides A-C, and five known sanshools (4-8), ZP-amide A (4), ZP-amide B (5), ZP-amide E (6), ZP-amide C (7), and ZP-amide D (8), were isolated from the pericarps of cultivated Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim, cultivated in Qinling mountain area, Shaanxi, China. The structures of all compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR analysis and comparison with previously reported data. Compounds 1 and 2 are the first example of isobutylhydroxyamides containing an ethoxy group, and compound 3 is a rare C11 fatty acid-containing sanshool existing in genus Zanthoxylum.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel sesquiterpene mustards as potential anticancer agents.

Several novel series of sesquiterpene mustards (SMs) bearing nitrogen mustard and glutathione (GSH)-reactive α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone groups were successfully prepared for the first time and showed excellent antiproliferative activities in vitro. Among them, compounds 2e and 2g displayed the highest antiproliferative properties with IC50 values ranging from 2.5 to 8.

Synthesis and biological studies of the thiols-triggered anticancer prodrug for a more effective cancer therapy.

A novel anticancer prodrug compound 1, which was designed to be triggered by thiols and release the chemotherapeutic agent mechlorethamine, was successfully prepared and evaluated for the first time. The activation of compound 1 was determined by NMR analysis and denaturing alkaline agarose gel electrophoresis. A fluorescence image and comet assay indicated that the inducible reactivity of 1 could be accomplished in cell media.

Antioxidant lignans from the roots of Vladimiria muliensis.

Three new lignans (1, 2, and 8) and ten known ones (3-7, 9-13) were isolated from the roots of Vladimiria muliensis. Their structures and configurations were elucidated by means of spectroscopic techniques (IR, MS, NMR, and CD) and chemical methods. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.