Risk factors and retreatment for relapse in childhood primary nephrotic syndrome treated with rituximab.

Background: The effectiveness of rituximab (RTX) for steroid-dependent/frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (SDNS/FRNS) in children is well documented. However, there are insufficient data on relapse risk factors. Additionally, the retreat regimen for relapsed children requires further investigation.

The association between dental caries and steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children.

Background: Pathogenesis and relapse of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) are primarily associated with infection. Dental caries is the most common chronic progressive oral infection in children. However, clinical studies of SSNS combined with dental caries in children are rare.

External validation of the pediatric International IgA Nephropathy Prediction Tool in a central China cohort.

Background: This study aimed to externally validate the pediatric International IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) Prediction Tool updated from the adult IgAN Prediction Tool.

Methods: 439 children with biopsy-confirmed idiopathic IgAN were enrolled in this external validation study. The primary outcome was a 30% decline in eGFR or end-stage kidney disease.