Litter Removal Counteracts the Effects of Warming on Soil Bacterial Communities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Climate warming and high-intensity human activities threaten the stability of alpine meadow ecosystems. The stability of the soil microbial community is crucial for maintaining ecological service function. However, the effects of warming and litter removal on microbial interactions, community-building processes, and species coexistence strategies remain unclear.

Unprejudiced Training Auxiliary Tasks Makes Primary Better: A Multitask Learning Perspective.

Human beings can leverage knowledge from relative tasks to improve learning on a primary task. Similarly, multitask learning (MTL) methods suggest using auxiliary tasks to enhance a neural network's performance on a specific primary task. However, previous methods often select auxiliary tasks carefully but treat them as secondary during training.

Discrete element modeling and experimental study of biomechanical properties of cotton stalks in machine-harvested film-stalk mixtures.

To address the current problems of low accuracy and poor reliability of the discrete element model of cotton stalks, as well as the difficulty of guiding the design and optimization of the equipment through simulations, the discrete element modeling and physical-mechanical tests of cotton stalks in machine harvested film-stalk mixtures are carried out. The peak tensile force , the peak pressure , the peak bending force , the peak shear force , and the force-displacement (F-x) curves of cotton stalks are obtained from the physical tests. The discrete element model of double-layer cotton stalks based on the flat-joint model is established with the PFC software.

Effects of deterministic assembly of communities caused by global warming on coexistence patterns and ecosystem functions.

Seasonal rhythms in biological and ecological dynamics are fundamental in regulating the structuring of microbial communities. Evaluating the seasonal rhythms of microorganisms in response to climate change could provide information on their variability and stability over longer timescales (>20-year). However, information on temporal variability in microorganism responses to medium- and long-term global warming is limited.

Long-term warming impacts grassland ecosystem function: Role of diversity loss in conditionally rare bacterial taxa.

The impact of microbial communities on ecosystem function varies due to the diverse biological attributes and sensitivities exhibited by different taxonomic groups. These groups can be classified as always rare (ART), conditionally rare (CRT), dominant, and total taxa, each affecting ecosystem function in distinct ways. Thus, understanding the functional traits of organisms within these taxa is crucial for comprehending their contributions to overall ecosystem function.

Applicability of hybrid bionic optimization models with kernel-based extreme learning machine algorithm for predicting daily reference evapotranspiration: a case study in arid and semiarid regions, China.

The accurate prediction of daily reference crop evapotranspiration (ET) enables effective management decision-making for agricultural water resources; this is crucial for developing water-efficient agriculture. To improve the accuracy of ET forecasts in data-deficient areas, this study uses a decision tree algorithm (classification and regression tree [CART]) to obtain the effects of various factors on ET at typical stations in arid and semiarid regions of China. A combination of factors with considerable influence on the model was selected as the input for constructing a kernel-extreme-learning-machine (KELM) daily reference evapotranspiration prediction model, and three bionic optimization algorithms (i.

Effects of long-term nitrogen & phosphorus fertilization on soil microbial, bacterial and fungi respiration and their temperature sensitivity on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Background: The microbial decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC) is a major source of carbon loss, especially in ecologically fragile regions ( the Tibetan Plateau), which are also affected by global warming and anthropogenic activities ( fertilization). The inherent differences between bacteria and fungi indicate that they are likely to play distinct roles in the above processes. However, there still have been no reports on that, which is restricting our knowledge about the mechanisms underlying SOC decomposition.

Evaluation of Cyanobacterial Bloom from Lake Taihu as a Protein Substitute in Fish Diet-A Case Study on Tilapia.

The utility of cyanobacterial bloom is often hindered by concerns about the toxin content. Over three years of investigation, we found that the toxin content of cyanobacterial bloom in Lake Taihu was always low in June and higher in late summer and autumn. The findings enabled us to compare the effects of diets containing low and high toxic cyanobacterial blooms on the growth and consumption safety of tilapia.

Drosera-Inspired Dual-Actuating Double-Layer Hydrogel Actuator.

Drosera is a small insectivorous plant whose antennae can fold up, encircle, and prey. The rapid movement of the antennae is achieved by the synergistic effect of a double-layer structure with the antennae contracts on the front and expands on the back. In this work, a drosera-inspired dual-actuating double-layer hydrogel actuator is proposed, in which the temperature-responsive poly(N, N-diethyl acrylamide) (PDEAAm) layer acts as the main actuation layer and a moisture-responsive poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) layer acts as the auxiliary actuation layer.

Identification of Mellein as a Pathogenic Substance of by UPLC-MS/MS Analysis and Phytotoxic Bioassay.

is a pathogenic fungus that can cause apple ring rot, a destructive apple disease in China. There have been reports on its molecular pathogenesis, but the pathogenic substances still remain unknown. In the present study, instrument analysis including UPLC-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance showed that fermentation broth contained ()-(-)-mellein, a well-known fungal enantiomer of mellein.

Advances of peptides for antibacterial applications.

In the past few decades, peptide antibacterial products with unique antibacterial mechanisms have attracted widespread interest. They can effectively reduce the probability of drug resistance of bacteria and are biocompatible, so they possess tremendous development prospects. This review provides recent research and analysis on the basic types of antimicrobial peptides (including poly (amino acid)s, short AMPs, and lipopeptides) and factors to optimize antimicrobial effects.