Impacts of current and climate induced changes in atmospheric stagnation on Indian surface PM pollution.

Severe PM pollution threatens public health in India. Atmospheric stagnation traps emitted pollutants, worsening their health impacts. Global warming is anticipated to alter future stagnation patterns, impacting the effectiveness of air quality policies.

A novel biosensing strategy on the dynamic and on-site detection of Vibrio coralliilyticus eDNA for coral health warnings.

Heat stress and coral diseases are the predominant factors causing the degradation of coral reef ecosystems. Over recent years, Vibrio coralliilyticus was identified as a temperature-dependent pathogen causing tissue lysis in Pocillopora damicornis and one of the primary pathogens causing bleaching and mortality in other corals. Yet current detection techniques for V.

Application of Graphene-Combined Rare-Earth Oxide (SmO) in Solar-Blind Ultraviolet Photodetection.

Rare-earth oxide SmO is theoretically expected to be used in the preparation of ultraviolet (UV) detectors with low dark currents and high radiation resistance due to its characteristics of a wide bandgap, a high dielectric constant, and high chemical stability. However, certain features that rare-earth oxides possess, such as high resistivity and weak photoelectric response currents, have hindered relevant research on these kinds of materials in the field of UV detection. In this work, a -Gr/-SmO/-SiC heterojunction photovoltaic solar-blind UV sensor was constructed for the first time.

General synthesis strategy of ZrO nanofilms with few-atom layered thickness for boosting triethylamine detection.

ZrO, a traditional inert transition metal oxide (TMO), can be prepared into ZrO nanofilms (NFs) with a single-layer thickness of only 2.5 nm through the generally applicable two-dimensional TMO synthesis strategy reported by us, and has displayed remarkable sensitivity and selectivity properties for triethylamine gas detection.

Tripling of western US particulate pollution from wildfires in a warming climate.

SignificanceRecord-setting fires in the western United States over the last decade caused severe air pollution, loss of human life, and property damage. Enhanced drought and increased biomass in a warmer climate may fuel larger and more frequent wildfires in the coming decades. Applying an empirical statistical model to fires projected by Earth System Models including climate-ecosystem-socioeconomic interactions, we show that fine particulate pollution over the US Pacific Northwest could double to triple during late summer to fall by the late 21st century under intermediate- and low-mitigation scenarios.

Mapping daily PM at 500 m resolution over Beijing with improved hazy day performance.

The application of satellite-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) to infer surface PM has significantly increased the spatial coverage and resolutions (1-10 km) of ground-level PM mapping as required for accurate exposure estimation. The remaining challenge is to further increase the mapping resolution to the sub-km level with improved algorithms to minimize misrepresentation of severe haze as clouds. In this study, we provide the first daily PM estimation over Beijing at a 500 m resolution using AOD from the Simplified Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm (SARA) and linear mixed effects model.

Drought Impacts on Secondary Organic Aerosol: A Case Study in the Southeast United States.

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a significant component of fine particulate matter, and it has increased during past drought periods in the U.S. Here, we use the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to characterize the complex effects of drought on SOA through a case study comparing a drought period (June 2011) and a wet period (June 2013) over the southeast U.

Publisher Correction: Regional disparities in warm season rainfall changes over arid eastern-central Asia.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Regional disparities in warm season rainfall changes over arid eastern-central Asia.

Multiple studies have reported a shift in the trend of warm season rainfall over arid eastern-central Asia (AECA) around the turn of the new century, from increasing over the second half of the twentieth century to decreasing during the early years of the twenty-first. Here, a closer look based on multiple precipitation datasets reveals important regional disparities in these changes. Warm-season rainfall increased over both basin areas and mountain ranges during 1961-1998 due to enhanced moisture flux convergence associated with changes in the large-scale circulation and increases in atmospheric moisture content.

Publisher Correction: Causes of model dry and warm bias over central U.S. and impact on climate projections.

The original version of this Article contained an error in Figure 2. In panel a, the x axis of the graph was incorrectly labeled 'precipitation bias', and should have read 'negative precipitation bias'. This error has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Causes of model dry and warm bias over central U.S. and impact on climate projections.

Climate models show a conspicuous summer warm and dry bias over the central United States. Using results from 19 climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), we report a persistent dependence of warm bias on dry bias with the precipitation deficit leading the warm bias over this region. The precipitation deficit is associated with the widespread failure of models in capturing strong rainfall events in summer over the central U.

Summer rainfall over the southwestern Tibetan Plateau controlled by deep convection over the Indian subcontinent.

Despite the importance of precipitation and moisture transport over the Tibetan Plateau for glacier mass balance, river runoff and local ecology, changes in these quantities remain highly uncertain and poorly understood. Here we use observational data and model simulations to explore the close relationship between summer rainfall variability over the southwestern Tibetan Plateau (SWTP) and that over central-eastern India (CEI), which exists despite the separation of these two regions by the Himalayas. We show that this relationship is maintained primarily by 'up-and-over' moisture transport, in which hydrometeors and moisture are lifted by convective storms over CEI and the Himalayan foothills and then swept over the SWTP by the mid-tropospheric circulation, rather than by upslope flow over the Himalayas.

Daily Estimation of Ground-Level PM2.5 Concentrations over Beijing Using 3 km Resolution MODIS AOD.

Estimating exposures to PM2.5 within urban areas requires surface PM2.5 concentrations at high temporal and spatial resolutions.

Occurrence and fate of PPCPs and correlations with water quality parameters in urban riverine waters of the Pearl River Delta, South China.

The occurrence and fate of eight PPCPs was studied in river waters from upstream to downstream of the three rivers in the Pearl River Delta, China. The correlations of PPCP levels and water quality parameters were also investigated. The analytes of the highest concentrations were caffeine, acetaminophen, and ciprofloxacin.