Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Copy Number Amplification in Breast Cancer.

. overexpression is a known phenomenon in breast cancer. This study investigates the correlation of gene copy number amplification and MYC protein overexpression with coexisting genetic abnormalities and associated clinicopathologic features in breast cancer patients.

Histopathology and its clinical correlation of liver biopsy in patients with treated autoimmune hepatitis.

The diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) relies on well-established criteria encompassing histological, serological, and clinical features. Diagnosing AIH may become challenging when encountering patients who have undergone steroid therapy for other co-existing diseases. Thirty-nine liver biopsies from 25 patients with treated and untreated AIH were classified into three groups: 1) Newly diagnosed untreated biopsies (n = 16); 2) Newly diagnosed partially treated biopsies from patients already on steroid treatment for other co-existing diseases (n = 9); 3) Previously diagnosed biopsies from patients who had undergone complete treatment (n = 14).

Digital Pathology in the Detection of Infectious Microorganisms: An Evaluation of Its Strengths and Weaknesses Across a Panel of Immunohistochemical and Histochemical Stains Routinely Used in Diagnostic Surgical Pathology.

Context.—: The diagnosis of some infectious diseases requires their identification in tissue specimens. As institutions adopt digital pathology for primary diagnosis, the limits of microorganism detection from digital images must be delineated.

Confined Low Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm With Coexisting Distant Metastasis.

Background/aim: Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) are tumors with dysplastic mucinous epithelium, a pushing growth pattern but no infiltrative invasion to the appendiceal wall. Some AMNs are associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei, characterized by intraperitoneal mucinous involvement. Recent studies have demonstrated that LAMNs confined to the appendix have low or no risk for disease recurrence, progression, and peritoneal involvement during follow up.

Columnar optical-radiative properties and components of aerosols in the Arctic summer from long-term AERONET measurements.

Aerosols as an external factor have an important role in the amplification of Arctic warming, yet the geography of this harsh region has led to a paucity of observations, which has limited our understanding of the Arctic climate. We synthesized the latest decade (2010-2021) of data on the microphysical-optical-radiative properties of aerosols and their multi-component evolution during the Arctic summer, taking into consideration the important role of wildfire burning. Our results are based on continuous observations from eight AERONET sites across the Arctic region, together with a meteorological reanalysis dataset and satellite observations of fires, and utilize a back-trajectory model to track the source of the aerosols.

Breast Carcinoma With Tubulopapillary Features Has a Distinct Immunophenotypic and Molecular Signature: A Report of Two Tumors and Literature Review.

Breast carcinoma with tubulopapillary features is a newly described entity associated with poor prognosis with only 14 tumors reported in the literature. We report 2 additional tumors and identify novel immunohistochemical and molecular features of the tumor. The first tumor was from a 72-year-old woman with nonmetastatic breast carcinoma and the second was from a 32-year-old woman with metastatic breast carcinoma who received neoadjuvant therapy.

Prognostic impact of reduced HER2 protein expression in post-neoadjuvant therapy resection specimens: A single institution experience and review of the literature.

Background: Retesting for Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) in post-neoadjuvant therapy resection is variable, and data is conflicting regarding the prognostic significance of changes in HER2 expression pre and post therapy.

Methods: We identified 104 patients with localized HER2 IHC 3+ breast cancer who received neoadjuvant trastuzumab(T)/pertuzumab(P) containing chemotherapy at Yale Cancer Center between 2012 and 2022. Patients were divided into 3 cohorts by response and HER2 IHC in the residual disease: Cohort 1 pathologic complete response (pCR), Cohort 2 pre-treatment IHC 3+/post treatment IHC 1+/2+, and Cohort 3 pre-treatment IHC 3+/post-treatment IHC 3+.

Histology and clinical correlations in autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis-primary biliary cholangitis overlap syndrome.

Objectives: The diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and AIH-PBC overlap syndrome (OS) relies on their histologic features and clinical findings. In this study, we aimed to identify specific morphologic features of these diseases and evaluate their clinical correlation.

Methods: We included initial biopsies from untreated patients with AIH (n = 14), PBC (n = 10), and OS (n = 7).

MYC overexpression in inflammatory bowel disease-associated conventional dysplasia and association of subsequent low-grade dysplasia in follow-up biopsies.

Objective: Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated dysplastic lesions can be challenging. This study aims to evaluate MYC immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a potential biomarker for IBD-associated dysplasia and compare its effectiveness with p53 IHC.

Methods: The study cohort included resections from 12 IBD patients with carcinoma and concurrent conventional low-grade dysplasia (LGD), as well as biopsies from 21 patients with visible conventional LGD, which were followed up for 2 years with subsequent endoscopic examination.

The correlation of ESR1 genetic aberrations with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status in metastatic and primary estrogen receptor-positive breast carcinomas.

Genetic aberrations in the Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) gene have been identified as an important mechanism of resistance to endocrine therapy in metastatic breast carcinoma. In this study, we aimed to correlate ESR1 genetic aberrations with the ER and PR status in paired metastatic and primary breast carcinomas. Patients with ER-positive breast cancer were divided into two groups: ESR1 genetic aberration (n = 26) and wild-type control (n = 29) based on genetic profiling of their metastatic tumors.

Organic Photovoltaic Catalyst with σ-π Anchor for High-Performance Solar Hydrogen Evolution.

Efficient in situ deposition of metallic cocatalyst, like zero-valent platinum (Pt), on organic photovoltaic catalysts (OPCs) is the prerequisite for their high catalytic activities. Here we develop the OPC (Y6CO), by introducing carbonyl in the core, which is available to σ-π coordinate with transition metals, due to the high-energy empty π* orbital of carbonyl. Y6CO exhibits a stronger capability to anchor Pt species and reduce them to metallic state, resulting in more Pt deposition, relative to the control OPC without the central σ-π anchor.

Columnar optical, microphysical and radiative properties of the 2022 Hunga Tonga volcanic ash plumes.

The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption on January 15, 2022 was one of the most explosive volcanic eruptions of the 21st century and has attracted global attention. Here we show that large numbers of the volcanic aerosols from the eruption broke through the tropopause into the lower stratosphere, forming an ash plume with an overshooting top at 25-30 km altitude. In the four days following the eruption, the ash plume moved rapidly westward for nearly 10,000 km under stable stratospheric conditions characterized by strong tropical easterlies, weak meridional winds and weak vertical motion.

Further prognostic stratification of intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma by CDX2 expression pattern.

Gastric cancer is one of the most deadly malignancies worldwide. It is routinely divided into 2 common histologic subtypes by the Lauren classification, intestinal type and diffuse type. In recent years, the intestinal type of gastric cancer has been found to represent a heterogeneous disease with divergent prognosis.

Changes in aerosol loading before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in China: Effects of anthropogenic and natural aerosol.

Anthropogenic emissions reduced sharply in the short-term during the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). As COVID-19 is still ongoing, changes in atmospheric aerosol loading over China and the factors of their variations remain unclear. In this study, we used multi-source satellite observations and reanalysis datasets to synergistically analyze the spring (February-May) evolution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) for multiple aerosol types over Eastern China (EC) before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown period.

Further Characterization of Clinicopathologic Features of Cystic Neutrophilic Granulomatous Mastitis.

Objectives: Clinical and demographic features of cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis (CNGM) have not been fully explored due to the rarity of the disease. Herein we studied clinicopathologic characteristics of CNGM in a sizable hospital-based cohort.

Methods: A case-control study was performed to compare clinicopathologic characteristics between patients with CNGM and granulomatous mastitis other than CNGM and between CNGM with and without Corynebacterium identification.

Enhancing Transition Dipole Moments of Heterocyclic Semiconductors via Rational Nitrogen-Substitution for Sensitive Near Infrared Detection.

Designing ultrastrong near-infrared (NIR) absorbing organic semiconductors is a critical prerequisite for sensitive NIR thin film organic photodetectors (OPDs), especially in the region of beyond 900 nm, where the absorption coefficient of commercial single crystalline silicon (c-Si) is below 10 cm . Herein, a pyrrolo[3,2-b]thieno[2,3-d]pyrrole heterocyclic core (named as BPPT) with strong electron-donating property and stretched geometry is developed. Relative to their analogue Y6, BPPT-contained molecules, BPPT-4F and BPPT-4Cl, show substantially upshifted and more delocalized highest occupied molecular orbitals, and larger transition dipole moments, leading to bathochromic and hyperchromic absorption spectra extending beyond 1000 nm with very large absorption coefficients (up to 3.

Current and Emerging Molecular Markers of Liver Diseases: A Pathogenic Perspective.

In the past decade, with the rapid development of molecular medicine and the application of more sophisticated methods for disease diagnosis and treatment, a number of molecular markers have become available for liver diseases. Pathogenesis-related markers are likely to be effectively discovered and rigorously validated, due to the unique biological links to diseases. The present study reviews the predominant clinical and research articles in the previous decade to provide a pathogenic perspective of current and emerging biomarkers for liver diseases, including hepatocellular neoplasms ( hepatocellular carcinoma), non-neoplastic hepatocellular diseases, intrahepatic biliary diseases, and other liver diseases.

Extensive characterization of aerosol optical properties and chemical component concentrations: Application of the GRASP/Component approach to long-term AERONET measurements.

A recently developed GRASP/Component approach (GRASP: Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties) was applied to AERONET (Aeronet Robotic Network) sun photometer measurements in this study. Unlike traditional aerosol component retrieval, this approach allows the inference of some information about aerosol composition directly from measured radiance, rather than indirectly through the inversion of optical parameters, and has been integrated into the GRASP algorithm. The newly developed GRASP/Component approach was applied to 13 AERONET sites for different aerosol types under the assumption of aerosol internal mixing rules to analyze the characteristics of aerosol components and their distribution patterns.

Aerosol optical properties and its type classification based on multiyear joint observation campaign in north China plain megalopolis.

Since haze and other air pollution are frequently seen in the North China Plain (NCP), detail information on aerosol optical and radiative properties and its type classification is demanded for the study of regional environmental pollution. Here, a multiyear ground-based synchronous sun photometer observation at seven sites on North China Plain megalopolis from 2013 to 2018 was conducted. First, the annual and seasonal variation of these characteristics as well as the intercomparsion were analyzed.

Constrictive and Hypertrophic Strictures in Ileal Crohn's Disease.

Background & Aims: Strictures in Crohn's disease (CD) are classically attributed to fibromuscular hypertrophy of the intestinal wall. We have identified and characterized CD-related ileal strictures that result instead from mural constriction (ie, reduced external circumference).

Methods: Twenty-four strictures and internal controls from 17 adults with obstructive CD were analyzed by cross-sectional morphometry.

Clinicopathological characteristics and aetiological factors of granulomatous gastritis.

Aims: To examine the clinicopathological characteristics of granulomatous gastritis (GG) among different aetiologies, particularly Crohn disease (CD), and determine the contribution of Helicobacter pylori and the clinical significance of isolated GG.

Methods And Results: We identified 269 GG cases overall (0.19% prevalence): 220 had an underlying granulomatous disease (CD, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis) and only eight of these (3.

Measuring Invasive Breast Carcinoma on Core Biopsy-Is It Necessary?

Context.—: Pathologic tumor size is significant in the treatment of breast carcinoma and is routinely measured on excision.

Objective.

High p16 Expression Is Associated with Malignancy and Shorter Disease-Free Survival Time in Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma.

 Solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) and hemangiopericytomas (HPC) are now classified along a single spectrum of fibroblastic mesenchymal tumors with NAB2-STAT6 fusion. This fusion acts as a driver mutation that constitutively activates EGR1, which is known to be involved in the p16 pathway. Overexpression of p16 is associated with malignancy and worse prognosis in multiple mesenchymal tumors.

Five-year observation of aerosol optical properties and its radiative effects to planetary boundary layer during air pollution episodes in North China: Intercomparison of a plain site and a mountainous site in Beijing.

The aerosol microphysical, optical and radiative properties of the whole column and upper planetary boundary layer (PBL) were investigated during 2013 to 2018 based on long-term sun-photometer observations at a surface site (~106 m a.s.l.