Distribution of Biocide Resistance Genes and Association with Clonal Complex Genotypes in Isolated from School-Age Children in Guangzhou.

Purpose: Chlorhexidine and mupirocin are often prescribed to children in affected communities to prevent colonization and transmission of , but this has led to an increasing rate of biocide resistance. In this study, we aimed to determine the distribution of biocide resistance genes among isolates from school-age children in Guangzhou, investigate chlorhexidine gluconate and mupirocin susceptibility and clonal complex (CC) genotypes in strains carrying biocide-resistance genes, and further explore the role of biofilms in this resistance.

Patients And Methods: Antibiotic resistance and multilocus sequence genotyping were performed on 722 isolates from previous study.

Identification of Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Networks Constructed Based on Multiple Morphological Brain Features.

Structural brain markers are important for characterizing the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Here, we constructed a multifeature-based network (MFN) for each individual using a sparse linear regression performed on six types of morphological features to promote the structure-based autodiagnosis. The categorization performance of the MFN was evaluated in 165 normal control subjects, 221 patients with MCI, and 142 patients with AD.

Changes in Dynamics Within and Between Resting-State Subnetworks in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy Occur at Multiple Frequency Bands.

Time-varying connectivity analyses have indicated idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) could cause significant abnormalities in dynamic connective pattern within and between resting-state sub-networks (RSNs). However, previous studies mainly focused on the IGE-induced dynamic changes of functional connectivity (FC) in specific frequency band (0.01-0.

Frequency-Specific Functional Connectivity Density as an Effective Biomarker for Adolescent Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

Several neuropsychiatric diseases have been found to influence the frequency-specific spontaneous functional brain organization (SFBO) in resting state, demonstrating that the abnormal brain activities of different frequency bands are associated with various physiological and psychological dysfunctions. However, little is known about the frequency specificities of SFBO in adolescent generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Here, a novel complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise method was applied to decompose the time series of each voxel across all participants (31 adolescent patients with GAD and 28 matched healthy controls; HCs) into four frequency-specific bands with distinct intrinsic oscillation.

Learning Metabolic Brain Networks in MCI and AD by Robustness and Leave-One-Out Analysis: An FDG-PET Study.

This study attempted to better understand the properties associated with the metabolic brain network in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Graph theory was employed to investigate the topological organization of metabolic brain network among 86 patients with MCI, 89 patients with AD, and 97 normal controls (NCs) using 18F fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) data. The whole brain was divided into 82 areas by Brodmann atlas to construct networks.

NHC-catalyzed [4 + 2] annulation of 2-bromo-2-enals with acylhydrazones: enantioselective synthesis of δ-lactams.

An asymmetric assembly of δ-lactams was realized via the NHC-catalyzed formal [4 + 2] annulation of acylhydrazones and 2-bromo-2-enals bearing γ-H. The advantages of this protocol include high enantioselectivity, good yields, mild reaction conditions and potential biological significance of the final products.

Topological Organization of Metabolic Brain Networks in Pre-Chemotherapy Cancer with Depression: A Resting-State PET Study.

This study aimed to investigate the metabolic brain network and its relationship with depression symptoms using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography data in 78 pre-chemotherapy cancer patients with depression and 80 matched healthy subjects. Functional and structural imbalance or disruption of brain networks frequently occur following chemotherapy in cancer patients. However, few studies have focused on the topological organization of the metabolic brain network in cancer with depression, especially those without chemotherapy.

Resting-State Time-Varying Analysis Reveals Aberrant Variations of Functional Connectivity in Autism.

Recently, studies based on time-varying functional connectivity have unveiled brain states diversity in some neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. However, time-varying functional connectivity analysis of resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) have been rarely performed on the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Hence, we performed time-varying connectivity analysis on resting-state fMRI data to investigate brain states mutation in ASD children.

N-Heterocyclic carbene-triggered transition-metal-free synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted benzofuran derivatives.

An NHC-triggered, transition-metal-free strategy for the efficient synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted benzofuran derivatives in moderate to excellent yields from aryl or alkyl aldehydes and o-quinone methides has been developed. This method features mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity, broad substrate scope and convergent assembly.

An N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Oxidative γ-Aminoalkylation of Saturated Carboxylic Acids through in Situ Activation Strategy: Access to δ-Lactam.

An N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-catalyzed oxidative formal [4 + 2] annulation of acylhydrazones with saturated carboxylic acids bearing γ-H to assemble δ-lactams featuring a chiral carbon stereogenic center was developed through an in situ activation strategy. The ready availability of the starting materials, excellent enantioselectivity, facile assembly, high yields, and potential biological significance of the final products make this protocol an attractive alternative for the construction of the pyridinone scaffold.

A FDG-PET Study of Metabolic Networks in Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele Carriers.

Recently, some studies have applied the graph theory in brain network analysis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). However, relatively little research has specifically explored the properties of the metabolic network in apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele carriers. In our study, all the subjects, including ADs, MCIs and NCs (normal controls) were divided into 165 APOE ε4 carriers and 165 APOE ε4 noncarriers.

A review of structural and functional brain networks: small world and atlas.

Brain networks can be divided into two categories: structural and functional networks. Many studies of neuroscience have reported that the complex brain networks are characterized by small-world or scale-free properties. The identification of nodes is the key factor in studying the properties of networks on the macro-, micro- or mesoscale in both structural and functional networks.

An NHC-catalyzed in situ activation strategy to β-functionalize saturated carboxylic acid: an enantioselective formal [3+2] annulation for spirocyclic oxindolo-γ-butyrolactones.

An in situ NHC-catalyzed activation strategy to β-functionalize saturated carboxylic acid was developed. This asymmetric formal [3+2] annulation could deliver spirocyclic oxindolo-γ-butyrolactones from saturated carboxylic acid and isatin in good yields with high to excellent enantioselectivities. The easy availability of the starting materials, direct installation of functional units at unreactive carbon atom and the convergent assembly make this protocol attractive in the field of organic synthesis.

[Resources and application of She's nationality wild medicinal plants].

To make a thorough investigation of the common She's nationality wild medicinal plants resources in our country, including the species, the distribution, the folk application and the endemic medicinal plant species, Field surveyed was conducted with 25 She people mainly lived area (county, district or city) throughout the country, the folk prescription and treatment cases provided by She's medical personnel, the drug usage and dosage, the commonly used traditional She's medicine and drug samples were collected. And the distribution, growing environment of these plants were investigated, their characteristics, photographs, GPS data and track were record , and the fresh wax leaf or plants specimens were collected. In total 1 600 varieties of folk medicine of She's nationality, 450 disease names and 1 016 prescriptions were collected.

N-Heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed [4 + 2] cyclization of 2-bromo-2-enal with 3-alkylenyloxindoles: efficient assembly of spirocarbocyclic oxindole.

A NHC-catalyzed [4 + 2] cyclization of 2-bromo-2-enal bearing γ-H with 3-alkylenyloxindoles under mild reaction conditions gives spirocarbocyclic oxindoles containing one quaternary carbon in moderate to good yields with high diastereoselectivities. The easy availability of the starting materials, the concise assembly and the potential utilization value of the products make this strategy attractive in molecular biology and pharmacy.

Organocatalytic chemo-, (E/Z)- and enantioselective formal alkenylation of indole-derived hydroxylactams using o-hydroxystyrenes as a source of alkenyl group.

The first organocatalytic asymmetric formal alkenylation of multicyclic alcohols using non-metal-based alkenes instead of alkenyl metals as a source of an alkenyl group has been established via chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed tandem reactions. This transformation directly assembles isoindolo-β-carboline-derived hydroxylactams with o-hydroxystyrenes via an asymmetric cascade vinylogous addition/hydrogen elimination reaction sequence, offering an easy access to functionalized chiral isoindolo-β-carbolines with one quaternary stereogenic center in high chemo-, (E/Z)-, and enantioselectivities (up to >95:5 cr, >95:5 E/Z, 97:3 er). This approach also represents the first catalytic asymmetric formal alkenylation of isoindolo-β-carboline-derived hydroxylactams, which provides a useful strategy for functionalization of isoindolo-β-carbolines and synthesis of chiral isoindolo-β-carboline derivatives.

NHC-catalyzed oxidative γ-addition of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes to isatins: a high-efficiency synthesis of spirocyclic oxindole-dihydropyranones.

This manuscript discloses an efficient construction of the spirocyclic oxindole-dihydropyranone scaffold via the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed oxidative γ-functionalization of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes bearing γ-H with isatin derivatives. The ready availability of the starting materials, easy work-up, mild reaction conditions and the potential utilization value of the products make this strategy attractive.