An Evaluation of the Transfer of Skills and Knowledge from Two World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists Fellowship Programs.

Background: Subspecialist training is an important part of developing human resources for health and for some learners, may require taking place in another, higher-resourced country. Despite effective learning of skills and knowledge in a different, more highly resourced context, transfer of these skills and knowledge back to a more poorly resourced context can be a challenge. We aimed to evaluate the transfer of skills and knowledge in 2 World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WFSA) fellowship programs.

Project SPRUCE: Saving Our Planet by Reducing Carbon Emissions, a Pediatric Anesthesia Sustainability Quality Improvement Initiative.

Background: Children are particularly vulnerable to adverse health outcomes related to climate change. Inhalational anesthetics are potent greenhouse gasses (GHGs) and contribute significantly to health care-generated emissions. Desflurane and nitrous oxide have very high global warming potentials.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Capacity in Referral Hospitals in Nigeria: Understanding the Global Health Disparity in Resuscitation Medicine.

Introduction: Little is known about the state of resuscitation services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Nigeria, Africa's most populous country. We sought to assess the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) care in referral hospitals across Nigeria to better inform capacity-building initiatives.

Methods: We designed a survey to evaluate infrastructure, equipment, personnel, training, and clinical management, as no standardized instrument for assessing resuscitation in LMICs was available.

Global Estimation of Surgical Procedures Needed for Forcibly Displaced Persons.

Introduction: Sixty million people were displaced from their homes due to conflict, persecution, or human rights violations at the end of 2014. This vulnerable population bears a disproportionate burden of disease, much of which is surgically treatable. We sought to estimate the surgical needs for forcibly displaced persons globally to inform humanitarian assistance initiatives.

Surgical Care Required for Populations Affected by Climate-related Natural Disasters: A Global Estimation.

Background: Climate extremes will increase the frequency and severity of natural disasters worldwide.  Climate-related natural disasters were anticipated to affect 375 million people in 2015, more than 50% greater than the yearly average in the previous decade. To inform surgical assistance preparedness, we estimated the number of surgical procedures needed.

Surgical management for retained distal embolic protection device and fractured guidewire after carotid artery stenting.

Entrapment and fracture of carotid angioplasty and stenting hardware is a rare complication of percutaneous stenting procedures. We describe a case of a retained distal filter embolic protection device and guidewire in a 57-year-old male in Beijing, China. After unsuccessful attempts at removal via interventional methods, a second stent was deployed to secure the original hardware in situ, and the patient was discharged.

Ultrasound diagnosis of malaria: examination of the spleen, liver, and optic nerve sheath diameter.

Background: Over 90% of all cases of malaria worldwide occur in Africa. Current methods of diagnosis are time and labor intensive, and could lead to delayed treatment.

Methods: In this study we investigated the effectiveness of measurements of spleen, liver, and optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in identifying patients with malaria or severe malaria through the use of hand-held ultrasound devices.

Smooth-muscle-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells support and augment cord-like structures in vitro.

Engineering vascularized tissue is crucial for its successful implantation, survival, and integration with the host tissue. Vascular smooth muscle cells (v-SMCs) provide physical support to the vasculature and aid in maintaining endothelial viability. In this study, we show an efficient derivation of v-SMCs from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and demonstrate their functionality and ability to support the vasculature in vitro.