Immunochemotherapy for small cell lung cancer with paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome (PCS) is an adverse prognostic factor for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. Retrospective studies have shown that the median survival of SCLC complicated with PCS was <7 months. No immunochemotherapy has been recorded in the treatment of SCLC with PCS.

Understanding, diagnosing, and treating pancreatic cancer from the perspective of telomeres and telomerase.

Telomerase is associated with cellular aging, and its presence limits cellular lifespan. Telomerase by preventing telomere shortening can extend the number of cell divisions for cancer cells. In adult pancreatic cells, telomeres gradually shorten, while in precancerous lesions of cancer, telomeres in cells are usually significantly shortened.

Molecular and Functional Heterogeneity of Primary Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Metastases.

Introduction: Treatment response to the standard therapy is low for metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) mainly due to the tumor heterogeneity. We investigated the heterogeneity between primary PanNETs and metastases to improve the precise treatment.

Methods: The genomic and transcriptomic data of PanNETs were retrieved from the Genomics, Evidence, Neoplasia, Information, Exchange (GENIE), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, respectively.

Whole-exome sequencing of rectal neuroendocrine tumors.

The genetic characteristics of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (R-NETs) were poorly understood. Depicting the genetic characteristics may provide a biological basis for prognosis prediction and novel treatment development. Tissues of 18 R-NET patients were analyzed using whole-exome sequencing.

Hepatotoxicity and the role of the gut-liver axis in dogs after oral administration of zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been used in many fields, and people are concerned about its effects on health. The present study reported the changes in liver metabolites and intestinal microbiota induced by overused ZnO NPs in dogs and explored the related mechanisms of liver injury induced by ZnO NPs. The results showed that overused ZnO NPs promote zinc accumulation in the liver and increase liver coefficient and serum liver-related indexes.

Efficacy of Online Intervention for ADHD: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

Background: With the popularity of computers, the internet, and the global spread of COVID-19, more and more attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients need timely interventions through the internet. At present, there are many online intervention schemes may help these patients. It is necessary to integrate data to analyze their effectiveness.

Advances in medical treatment for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) are rare neoplasms with strong heterogeneity that have experienced an increasing incidence rate in recent years. For patients with locally advanced or distant metastatic PanNENs, systemic treatment options vary due to the different differentiations, grades and stages. The available options for systemic therapy include somatostatin analogs, mole-cularly targeted agents, cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.

The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Tic Disorder: A Meta-Analysis and a Literature Review.

Background: At present, tic disorder has attracted the attention of medical researchers in many countries. More clinicians choose non-drug therapy, especially cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) because of the cognitive side effects of drug therapy. However, few studies had assessed its efficacy.

Residue of thiram in food, suppresses immune system stress signals and disturbs sphingolipid metabolism in chickens.

Thiram, a well-known sulfur containing organic compound is frequently and extensively used in agriculture because of high biological activity to control different pests. In certain cases, due to long persistence in the environment pesticides and other environmental contaminants induce undesirable toxic impacts to public health and environment. To ascertain the potential mechanisms of toxicity of thiram on different immune organs of broilers, a total of 100 one-day-old chicks were obtained and randomly divided into two groups including thiram group (50 mg/kg) and untreated control group.

Gut microbiota disturbance exaggerates battery wastewater-induced hepatotoxicity through a gut-liver axis.

As the primary source of electricity for various devices, batteries are important contributors to the overall electronic waste generated; and are widely considered a source of highly ecotoxic pollutants. Material leakage in battery manufacturing has not been completely solved, and the elucidation of the toxic mechanisms of battery wastewater exposure is needed. We demonstrated that battery waste exposure disrupted the intestinal flora and aggravated hepatotoxicity via the gut-liver axis.

Novel Li VO Nanostructures Grown in Highly Efficient Microwave Irradiation Strategy and Their In-Situ Lithium Storage Mechanism.

The investigation of novel growth mechanisms for electrodes and the understanding of their in situ energy storage mechanisms remains major challenges in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Herein, a novel mechanism for the growth of high-purity diversified Li VO nanostructures (including hollow nanospheres, uniform nanoflowers, dispersed hollow nanocubes, and ultrafine nanowires) has been developed via a microwave irradiation strategy. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and in situ transmission electron microscope observations are applied to gain deep insight into the intermediate Li VO and Li VO phases during the lithiation/delithiation mechanism.

Zearalenone exposure mediated hepatotoxicity via mitochondrial apoptotic and autophagy pathways: Associated with gut microbiome and metabolites.

Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin is frequently detected in different food products and has been widely studied for its toxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms of hepatotoxic effects, relationship between gut microbiome and liver metabolite mediated hepatotoxicity mechanisms induced by ZEN are still not clear. Here, we reported that the different microscopic changes like swelling of hepatocyte, disorganization of hepatocytes and extensive vacuolar degeneration were observed, and the mitochondrial functions decreased in exposed mice.

Simultaneous detection of multiple neuroendocrine tumor markers in patient serum with an ultrasensitive and antifouling electrochemical immunosensor.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare heterogeneous tumors that are often misdiagnosed and mistreated. Most NETs patients are diagnosed as advanced. Early on-time detection of NETs is significant for precision therapy.

The potential risks of chronic fluoride exposure on nephrotoxic via altering glucolipid metabolism and activating autophagy and apoptosis in ducks.

Fluoride is one of the most widely distributed elements in nature, while some fluorine-containing compounds are toxic to several vertebrates at certain levels. The current study was performed to evaluate the nephrotoxic effects of fluoride exposure in ducks. The results showed that the renal index was decreased in NaF group, and fluoride exposure significantly decreased the levels of serum Albumin, Glucose, Total cholesterol, Urea, protein and Triglycerides, confirming that NaF exhibited adverse effects on the kidney.

Exposure to Fluoride induces apoptosis in liver of ducks by regulating Cyt-C/Caspase 3/9 signaling pathway.

Fluorine being a well-known and essential element for normal physiological functions of tissues of different organisms is frequently used for growth and development of body. The mechanisms of adverse and injurious impacts of fluoride are not clear and still are under debate. Therefore, this study was executed to ascertain the potential mechanisms of sodium fluoride in liver tissues of ducks.

The potential risks of herbicide butachlor to immunotoxicity via induction of autophagy and apoptosis in the spleen.

Butachlor being an important member of chloroacetanilide herbicides, is frequently used in agriculture to control unwanted weeds. Exposure to butachlor can induce cancer, human lymphocyte aberration, and immunotoxic effects in animals. The current experimental trial was executed to determine the potential risks of herbicide butachlor to immunotoxicity and its mechanism of adverse effects on the spleen.

Exposure to the herbicide butachlor activates hepatic stress signals and disturbs lipid metabolism in mice.

Butachlor is a systemic herbicide widely applied on wheat, rice, beans, and different other crops, and is frequently detected in groundwater, surface water, and soil. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the potential adverse health risks and the underlying mechanisms of hepatotoxicity caused by exposure to butachlor in invertebrates, other nontarget animals, and public health. For this reason, a total of 20 mice were obtained and randomly divided into two groups.

Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of 232 patients with poorly differentiated gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Background: Poorly differentiated gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (PDGNENs) include gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma, which are highly malignant and rare tumors, and their incidence has increased over the past few decades. However, the clinicopathological features and outcomes of patients with PDGNENs have not been completely elucidated.

Aim: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with PDGNENs

Methods: The data from seven centers in China from March 2007 to November 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.

Long-term copper exposure promotes apoptosis and autophagy by inducing oxidative stress in pig testis.

Copper (Cu) is a heavy metal which is being used widely in the industry and agriculture. However, the overuse of Cu makes it a common environmental pollutant. In order to investigate the testicular toxicity of Cu, the pigs were divided into three groups and were given Cu at 10 (control), 125, and 250 mg/kg body weight, respectively.

Meta-Analysis of Prognostic Factors for Recurrence of Resected Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Introduction: Well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (WDPNETs) are a group of rare and heterogeneous tumors. However, the prognostic factors for recurrence after curative resection still remain controversial. We aim to illustrate the prognostic factors for recurrence of resected WDPNETs.

Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of 77 cases with type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumours.

Background: For the rarity of type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumours (g-NETs), their clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis are not well illustrated.

Aim: To describe the clinicopathological features and outcome of type 3 g-NETs in the Chinese population.

Methods: Based on the 2019 WHO pathological classification, the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with type 3 g-NETs in China were retrospectively analysed.

A Ki-67 Index to Predict Treatment Response to the Capecitabine/Temozolomide Regimen in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Objective: The efficacy of the capecitabine/temozolomide (CAPTEM) regimen has been demonstrated in metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), but because of varying response rates among the patients, biomarkers to predict its response are greatly needed. Here, we investigated the clinical utility of a Ki-67 index to predict the CAPTEM regimen objective responses and select patients who could benefit from this regimen.

Methods: Metastatic NENs patients treated with the CAPTEM regimen from 4 high-volume medical centers were selected and grouped in a training and validation cohort.

Clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors for recurrence of well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors after radical surgery: a case-control study.

Background: Well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) usually have a good prognosis; however, there are patients that experience recurrence after curative resection.

Aim: To explore recurrence-related risk factors by analyzing clinicopathological data of PanNETs after radical surgery.

Methods: Clinical and pathological data from 47 patients with well-differentiated PanNETs at China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2012 to March 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.