Free convective trickling over a porous medium of fractional nanofluid with MHD and heat source/sink.

Nanofluids are considered as smart fluids that can improve heat and mass transfer and have numerous applications in industry and engineering fields such as electronics, manufacturing, and biomedicine. For this reason, blood-based nanofluids with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as nanoparticles in the presence of a magnetic field are discussed. The nanofluid traverses the porous medium.

Mean irradiance profile of a Gaussian beam under random jitter.

The mean irradiance profile has been widely applied in performance analysis and atmospheric channel research for free space optical communication; however, the modeling method and a closed-form expression of the mean irradiance profile under random jitter have rarely been discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents a modeling method and a closed-form expression for a mean irradiance profile under random jitter through the ensemble average principle for the first time. We find that, with an increase in random jitter variance, the mean irradiance profile varied from an approximately Gaussian profile to a flat-topped profile to a hollow profile.