Tolerability and effectiveness of albuvirtide combined with dolutegravir for hospitalized people living with HIV/AIDS.

Treatment options for hospitalized people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) with opportunistic infections and comorbidities are limited in China. Albuvirtide (ABT), a new peptide drug, is a long-acting HIV fusion inhibitor with limited drug-drug interactions and fast onset time. This single-center, retrospective cohort study investigated the effectiveness and safety of ABT plus dolutegravir (DTG) therapy in a real-world setting.

Ancient genomes reveal millet farming-related demic diffusion from the Yellow River into southwest China.

The study of southwest China is vital for understanding the dispersal and development of farming because of the coexistence of millet and rice in this region since the Neolithic period. However, the process of the Neolithic transition in southwest China is largely unknown, mainly due to the lack of ancient DNA from the Neolithic period. Here, we report genome-wide data from 11 human samples from the Gaoshan and Haimenkou sites with mixed farming of millet and rice dating to between 4,500 and 3,000 years before present in southwest China.

Paleoproteomic evidence reveals dairying supported prehistoric occupation of the highland Tibetan Plateau.

The extreme environments of the Tibetan Plateau offer considerable challenges to human survival, demanding novel adaptations. While the role of biological and agricultural adaptations in enabling early human colonization of the plateau has been widely discussed, the contribution of pastoralism is less well understood, especially the dairy pastoralism that has historically been central to Tibetan diets. Here, we analyze ancient proteins from the dental calculus ( = 40) of all human individuals with sufficient calculus preservation from the interior plateau.

Maternal genetic history of ancient Tibetans over the past 4000 years.

The settlement of the Tibetan Plateau epitomizes human adaptation to a high-altitude environment that poses great challenges to human activity. Here, we reconstruct a 4000-year maternal genetic history of Tibetans using 128 ancient mitochondrial genome data from 37 sites in Tibet. The phylogeny of haplotypes M9a1a, M9a1b, D4g2, G2a'c, and D4i show that ancient Tibetans share the most recent common ancestor with ancient Middle and Upper Yellow River populations around the Early and Middle Holocene.

[Genetic Subtypes and Status of Transmitted Drug Resistance of HIV/AIDS Patients in Sichuan].

Objective: To investigate the distribution characteristics of the HIV genetic subtypes and the status quo of transmitted drug resistance among HIV/AIDS patients in Sichuan with no previous history of receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: Adult HIV/AIDS patients who were hospitalized in Sichuan and who had no previous history of exposure to ART drugs exposure were enrolled. In-house sequencing of the HIV gene was done and phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the HIV genetic subtypes.

Effectiveness and Safety of Dolutegravir Versus Efavirenz-Based Antiviral Regimen in People Living With HIV-1 in Sichuan Province of China: A Real-World Study.

Background: The application time of dolutegravir (DTG) is relatively short, and the treatment experience is insufficient. Therefore, evidence is required to shed more light on the effectiveness and safety issues of DTG in China.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and safety of a DTG vs.

Effect of a genetically engineered interferon-alpha versus traditional interferon-alpha in the treatment of moderate-to-severe COVID-19: a randomised clinical trial.

Background: There are few effective therapies for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) upon the outbreak of the pandemic. To compare the effectiveness of a novel genetically engineered recombinant super-compound interferon (rSIFN-co) with traditional interferon-alpha added to baseline antiviral agents (lopinavir-ritonavir or umifenovir) for the treatment of moderate-to-severe COVID-19.

Method: In this multicenter randomized (1:1) trial, patients hospitalized with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 received either rSIFN-co nebulization or interferon-alpha nebulization added to baseline antiviral agents for no more than 28 days.

The KATP channel opener, nicorandil, ameliorates brain damage by modulating synaptogenesis after ischemic stroke.

With population growth and aging, more and more patients with cerebral infarction have varying degrees of disability. ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels regulate many cellular functions by coupling metabolic status with cell membrane electrical activity. Nicorandil (N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-nicotinamide nitrate) is the first KATP channel opener approved for clinical use.

Author Correction: Winter-to-summer seasonal migration of microlithic human activities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Evaluation of Clinical Features and Stroke Etiology in Patients with Bilateral Middle Cerebellar Peduncle Infarction.

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize clinical features, etiologies, and mechanisms of strokes due to bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle infarction (BMCPI).

Methods: Cases diagnosed as BMCPI in our hospital were retrieved, and a literature review was performed. Data on clinical features and brain MRI were obtained.

Winter-to-summer seasonal migration of microlithic human activities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) has become a valuable site for investigation of adaptive regimes of prehistoric humans to extreme environments. At present most studies have focused solely on a single site. Using a more integrated approach that covers the complete scope of the plateau is needed to better understand the expansion logic of prehistoric humans moving towards the plateau.

Caudal paramedian midbrain infarction: a clinical study of imaging, clinical features and stroke mechanisms.

Caudal paramedian midbrain infarction (CPMI) is an extremely rare form of ischemic stroke and related clinical studies are scarce. Our aim is to investigate the clinical features, neuroradiological findings and stroke etiology of CPMI. We conducted a retrospective study of 12 patients with CPMI, confirmed by diffusion-weighted MRI from 6820 cerebral infarction patients at our stroke center from January 2012 to August 2018.

Effects of long-term exposure to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing antiretroviral therapy on renal function in HIV-positive Chinese patients.

Background: The regimen containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)+lamivudine or emtricitabine + efavirenz remains the recommended first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) by the WHO. Limited studies, however, have been conducted on the incidence of renal impairment among Chinese patients with long-term exposure to TDF-containing ART regimens.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 269 eligible patients who had no comorbidities and received TDF-containing ART from July 2014 to April 2015.

Prediction model for the efficacy of folic acid therapy on hyperhomocysteinaemia based on genetic risk score methods.

No risk assessment tools for the efficacy of folic acid treatment for hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) have been developed. We aimed to use two common genetic risk score (GRS) methods to construct prediction models for the efficacy of folic acid therapy on HHcy, and the best gene-environment prediction model was screened out. A prospective cohort study enrolling 638 HHcy patients was performed.

Carbon dioxide as a green carbon source for the synthesis of carbon cages encapsulating porous silicon as high performance lithium-ion battery anodes.

Si/C composite is one of the most promising candidate materials for next-generation lithium-ion battery anodes. Herein, we demonstrate the novel structure of carbon cages encapsulating porous Si synthesized by the reaction between magnesium silicide (MgSi) and carbon dioxide (CO) and subsequent acid washing. Benefitting from the in situ deposition through magnesiothermic reduction of CO, the carbon cage seals the inner Si completely and shows higher graphitization than that obtained from the decomposition of acetylene.

A Case Report of Isolated Bilateral Cerebral Peduncular Infarction.

Isolated bilateral cerebral peduncular infarctions (BCPI) presenting as acute pseudobulbar palsy are rarely reported and, to the best of our knowledge, most of the previous reports of BCPI were related to locked-in syndrome and disturbance of consciousness. Herein, we described a case of a 55-year-old man who presented with acute pseudobulbar palsy and mild tetraparesis, but preserved eye movements, with no consciousness disturbance. DWI revealed an acute infarction involving the central portion of the cerebral peduncle with a characteristic "traditional Chinese eight character" sign.