4-Nitrophenol induces Leydig cells hyperplasia, which may contribute to the differential modulation of the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor-α and -β expression in male rat testes.

4-Nitrophenol (PNP) is generally regarded as an environmental endocrine disruptor capable of estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities. To investigate PNP-induced reproductive effects, immature male rats were injected subcutaneously with PNP (0.1, 1, 10mg/kg body weight or vehicle) daily for 4 weeks.

Protective effects of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 on whole body heat stress-induced oxidative damage in the mouse testis.

Background: Whole body heat stress had detrimental effect on male reproductive function. It's known that the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activates expression of cytoprotective genes to enable cell adaptation to protect against oxidative stress. However, it's still unclear about the exactly effects of Nrf2 on the testis.