Large-scale metabolomic landscape of edible maize reveals convergent changes in metabolite differentiation and facilitates its breeding improvement.

Edible maize is an important food crop, providing energy and nutrients to meet human health and nutritional requirements. However, how environmental pressures and human activity have shaped the edible maize metabolome remains unclear. In this study, we collected 452 diverse edible maize accessions worldwide, comprising waxy, sweet, and field maize.

H controller design for Nabla discrete fractional-order systems.

This article aims to provide several criteria with sufficient conditions for Nabla discrete fractional-order systems to satisfy a certain H performance index. Firstly, the instability region is approximated by a series of union sets of fan-shaped domains, and the mathematical expression of each fan-shaped domain is given. Secondly, by using the above approximation method and the generalized Kalman-Yakubovič-Popov lemma, some criteria with linear matrix inequality (LMI) formulations for the boundedness of the H norm of the transfer function matrix for Nabla discrete FOSs are derived.

Analysis of Family Members in (Hort. ex Tan.) by a Genome-Wide Approach.

The study focuses on the Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs) proteins in citrus, aiming to investigate their potential roles. A total of 33 CcCNGC proteins were identified and characterized in using a genome-wide method. The study revealed that these proteins share a conserved CNGC domain structurally but exhibit significant differences in their primary sequence and motif composition.

Dynamic Analysis of the Fruit Sugar-Acid Profile in a Fresh-Sweet Mutant and Wild Type in 'Shatangju' ( cv.).

Citrate is a major determinant of fruit flavor quality. Currently, species and/or varieties with significant alterations in citrate level have greatly advanced the molecular basis of citrate accumulation in fruit. However, in-depth dissections of the molecular mechanism specific to citrate accumulation are still limited due to the lack of mutants, especially within one single variety.

A nitrogen-responsive cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase regulates root response to high ammonium in rice.

Plant root system is significantly influenced by high soil levels of ammonium nitrogen, leading to reduced root elongation and enhanced lateral root branching. In Arabidopsis, these processes have been reported to be mediated by phytohormones and their downstream signaling pathways, while the controlling mechanisms remain elusive in crops. Through a transcriptome analysis of roots subjected to high/low ammonium treatments, we identified a cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase encoding gene, CKX3, whose expression is induced by high ammonium.

CEPs suppress auxin signaling but promote cytokinin signaling to inhibit root growth in Arabidopsis.

C-terminally encoded peptides (CEPs) are peptide hormones that function as mobile signals coordinating crucial developmental programs in plants. Previous studies have revealed that CEPs exert negative regulation on root development through interaction with CEP receptors (CEPRs), CEP DOWNSTREAMs (CEPDs), the cytokinin receptor ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE (AHKs) and the transcriptional repressor Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (AUX/IAA). However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying CEPs-mediated regulation of root development via auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways still necessitate further detailed investigation.

A Scalable and Robust Chloroplast Genotyping Solution: Development and Application of SNP and InDel Markers in the Maize Chloroplast Genome.

Maize( L) is a globally important crop, and understanding its genetic diversity is crucial for plant breeding phylogenetic analyses and comparative genetics. While nuclear markers have been extensively used for mapping agriculturally important genes, they are limited in recognizing characteristics, such as cytoplasmic male sterility and reciprocal cross hybrids. In this study, we performed next-generation sequencing of 176samples, and the maize cultivars represented five distinct groups.

A root cap-localized NAC transcription factor controls root halotropic response to salt stress in Arabidopsis.

Plants are capable of altering root growth direction to curtail exposure to a saline environment (termed halotropism). The root cap that surrounds root tip meristematic stem cells plays crucial roles in perceiving and responding to environmental stimuli. However, how the root cap mediates root halotropism remains undetermined.

Plastid-localized amino acid metabolism coordinates rice ammonium tolerance and nitrogen use efficiency.

Ammonium toxicity affecting plant metabolism and development is a worldwide problem impeding crop production. Remarkably, rice (Oryza sativa L.) favours ammonium as its major nitrogen source in paddy fields.

Transcriptomic and physiological comparison of Shatangju (Citrus reticulata) and its late-maturing mutant provides insights into auxin regulation of citrus fruit maturation.

Previous studies have shown that abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene are involved in pulp maturation and peel coloration in the nonclimacteric citrus fruits. There are also signs indicating that other plant hormones may play some roles in citrus fruit ripening. In this study, we compared profiles of genome-wide gene expression and changes in hormones and peel pigments between fruits of Shatangju mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco, designated WT) and its natural mutant, Yuenongwanju (designated MT).

High-density genetic mapping identified QTLs for anaerobic germination tolerance in rice.

The tolerance of rice anaerobic germination (AG) is the main limiting factor for direct seeding application, yet the genetics mechanism is still in its infancy. In the study, recombinant inbred lines population of TD70 cultivar and Kasalath Indica cultivar, was employed to construct a high-density genetic map by whole genome re-sequencing. As a result, a genetic map containing 12,328 bin-markers was constructed and a total of 50 QTLs were then detected for CL(coleoptile length), CD (coleoptile diameter), CSA (coleoptile surface area) and CV (coleoptile volume) related traits in the two stages of anaerobic treatment using complete interval mapping method (inclusive composite interval mapping, ICIM).

Transcriptome dynamics uncovers long non-coding RNAs response to salinity stress in .

Chenopodium quinoa is a crop with outstanding tolerance to saline soil, but long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) expression profile driven by salt stress in quinoa has rarely been observed yet. Based on the high-quality quinoa reference genome and high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), genome-wide identification of LncRNAs was performed, and their dynamic response under salt stress was then investigated. In total, 153,751 high-confidence LncRNAs were discovered and dispersed intensively in chromosomes.

The Upregulated Expression of the Citrus Gene in HLB Diseased Citrus Aids Liberibacter Asiaticus Infection.

The citrus industry has been threatened by Huanglongbing (HLB) for over a century. Here, an HLB-induced Arabidopsis () homologous gene was cloned from , and its characteristics and function were analyzed to determine its role during citrus- Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) interactions. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that was expressed in roots, stems, leaves and flowers, with the greatest expression level in leaves.

Transcriptome Profiling of Transposon-Derived Long Non-coding RNAs Response to Hormone in Strawberry Fruit Development.

Strawberry is an economically grown horticulture crop required for fruit consumption. The ripening of its fruit is a complex biological process regulated by various hormones. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a critical phytohormone involved in fruit ripening.

Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis Uncovers Hub Long Non-coding RNAs Regulating Potassium Use Efficiency in .

Potassium (K) is the essential element for plant growth. It is one of the critical factors that determine crop yield, quality, and especially leaf development in tobacco. However, the molecular mechanism of potassium use efficiency (KUE), especially non-coding RNA, is still unknown.

Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis of Near-Isogenic Lines During Panicle Development in Rice ( L.).

Panicle architecture is an important agronomic trait in rice that affects rice yields and quality. The () locus has been identified as a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting grain length and weight. The current understanding of the function of the gene, especially concerning the regulatory mechanism of panicle development, is still in its infancy.

Gene Body Methylation in Plants: Mechanisms, Functions, and Important Implications for Understanding Evolutionary Processes.

Gene body methylation (gbM) is an epigenetic mark where gene exons are methylated in the CG context only, as opposed to CHG and CHH contexts (where H stands for A, C, or T). CG methylation is transmitted transgenerationally in plants, opening the possibility that gbM may be shaped by adaptation. This presupposes, however, that gbM has a function that affects phenotype, which has been a topic of debate in the literature.

The Landscape of Alternative Splicing Regulating Potassium Use Efficiency in .

Alternative splicing (AS) occurs extensively in eukaryotes as an essential mechanism for regulating transcriptome complexity and diversity, but the AS landscape regulating potassium (K) use efficiency in plants is unclear. In this study, we performed high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of roots and shoots from allopolyploid under K deficiency. Preliminary physiological analysis showed that root system architecture was dramatically changed due to potassium deficiency and that IAA content was significantly reduced in root and shoot.

Identification and Characterization of Secondary Wall-Associated NAC Genes and Their Involvement in Hormonal Responses in Tobacco ().

Secondary wall-associated NAC genes are a subgroup of NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) transcription factors (TF) that play a key role in regulating secondary cell wall biosynthesis in plants. However, this gene family has not been systematically characterized, and their potential roles in response to hormones are unknown in . In this study, a total of 40 genes, of which 12 from , 13 from , and 15 from , were successfully identified.

Cell Suspension Culture Establishment, Maintenance, Efficient Transformation and Regeneration to Complete Transgenic Plant.

-mediated transformation of epicotyl segment has been used in transgenic studies. The approach suffers, however, from limitations such as occasionally seed unavailability, the low transformation efficiency of juvenile tissues and the high frequency of chimeric plants. Therefore, a suspension cell culture system was established and used to generate transgenic plants in this study to overcome the shortcomings.

Evolutionary Genomics of Structural Variation in Asian Rice (Oryza sativa) Domestication.

Structural variants (SVs) are a largely unstudied feature of plant genome evolution, despite the fact that SVs contribute substantially to phenotypes. In this study, we discovered SVs across a population sample of 347 high-coverage, resequenced genomes of Asian rice (Oryza sativa) and its wild ancestor (O. rufipogon).

Gene coexpression network analysis reveals the role of genes in senescence leaf of maize ( L.).

Shi-related sequence (SRS) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors that play important roles in developmental processes, including regulating hormone biosynthesis, response or signal transduction. However, systematical analysis of the gene family in maize has not yet been conducted. In this study, 11 genes with 13 transcripts were identified and characterized.

The NIN-like protein 5 (ZmNLP5) transcription factor is involved in modulating the nitrogen response in maize.

Maize exhibits marked growth and yield response to supplemental nitrogen (N). Here, we report the functional characterization of a maize NIN-like protein ZmNLP5 as a central hub in a molecular network associated with N metabolism. Predominantly expressed and accumulated in roots and vascular tissues, ZmNLP5 was shown to rapidly respond to nitrate treatment.