Itaconate drives pro-inflammatory responses through proteasomal degradation of GLO1.

Itaconate is a small-molecule metabolite generated by the enzyme aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1), which is upregulated during inflammation. Traditionally, itaconate has been recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties; however, this study reveals a pro-inflammatory mechanism of itaconate in macrophages. We demonstrate that itaconate promotes the proteasomal degradation of glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) via Cys139.

School-based environment and physical activity in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of school environmental factors in promoting adolescents' physical activity.

Methods: A systematic search of five databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library) was conducted from the earliest available records up to September 2023. Meta-analyses were performed for each school environmental factor, provided that at least two studies reported on the association between that factor and adolescents' physical activity.

Relationship between BMI, indicators of lipid metabolism and diabetic neuropathy: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: To identify the relationship between BMI or lipid metabolism and diabetic neuropathy using a Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Methods: Body constitution-related phenotypes, namely BMI (kg/m), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG), were investigated in this study. Despite the disparate origins of these data, all were accessible through the IEU OPEN GWAS database ( https://gwas.

A H2S-activated NIR-II imaging probe for precise diagnosis and pathological evaluation of colorectal tumor.

The quick and accurate detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is essential for improving the treatment efficacy and patient survival, which nevertheless remains challenging due to low specificity and sensitivity of current CRC diagnostic approaches. Therefore, providing a robust solution for real-time and accurate tumor delineation is highly desirable. We report a novel polyacrylic acid-mediated strategy to develop the endogenous hydrogen sulfide (HS)-activated NIR-II probe DCNP@PB for specific visualization of CRC and image-guided tumor surgery.

Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 2 activates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal fibrosis through the Rac1/PI3K/AKT pathway.

Renal fibrosis is the most important feature of the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in renal fibrosis. Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 2 (Dock2) is involved in the immune system and the development of a variety of fibrotic diseases. However, its specific role in renal fibrosis remains unclear.

Adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate renal fibrosis by reducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the FOXS1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Background: Adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) exert beneficial effects on kidney disease through a paracrine mechanism. However, the specific molecular mechanisms by which ADSCs treat renal fibrosis are not yet fully understood. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the therapeutic effects of ADSC-derived extracellular vesicles (ADSC-EVs) on the progression of renal fibrosis and their underlying mechanisms.

Effects of cortisol on cognitive and emotional disorders after stroke: A scoping review.

Objectives: Stroke-induced cognitive and mood disorders are closely related to glucocorticoids released during hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. There are many studies on the relationship between cortisol levels and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and post-stroke depression (PSD). This paper provides a scoping review of these studies to clarify the effect of cortisol on PSCI and PSD, thereby providing a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Soil infiltration mechanisms under plant root disturbance in arid and semi-arid grasslands and the response of solute transport in rhizosphere soil.

The symbiotic relationship between plant roots and soil infiltration is of great significance for sustainable development of the agriculture and forestry. Through detailed summary of the relationship between root morphological parameters and soil infiltration rates in arid and semi-arid grasslands mainly with leguminous herbs, gramineous herbs and shrubs, the mechanisms that key parameters (root length density, surface area density, diameter, biomass density, architecture, secretion and decay rate) disturb soil infiltration through affecting soil structure such as porosity, soil bulk density and soil organic matter (SOM) are elucidated. Furthermore, the degree of root disturbance on soil structure and infiltration rates are partially clarified by constructing quantitatively structural equation modeling path diagrams.

OSGIN1 promotes ferroptosis resistance by directly enhancing GCLM activity.

Oxidative stress induced growth inhibitor 1 (OSGIN1) is a tumor protein p53 (TP53)-target gene involved in the oxidative stress response and promotes apoptosis. Here, we present the first evidence that OSGIN1 functions conversely by inhibiting ferroptosis, a distinct form of oxidative cell death driven by excessive lipid peroxidation. OSGIN1 expression is upregulated by pharmacological ferroptosis inducers in an NFE2 like BZIP transcription factor 2 (NFE2L2)-dependent manner, rather than through the TP53 pathway, in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells.

The characterization of an IncN-IncR fusion plasmid co-harboring bla, bla, and bla derived from ST1393 Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Plasmids, as important genetic elements apart from chromosomes, often carry multiple resistance genes and various mobile genetic elements, enabling them to acquire more exogenous genes and confer additional resistance phenotypes to bacteria. Various carbapenem resistance genes are often located on IncN plasmids, and several reports have linked fusion plasmids to IncN plasmids. Therefore, this study aims to explore the emergence, molecular structure characteristics, and resistance features mediated by IncN fusion plasmids carrying multiple carbapenem resistance genes.

Using nonlinear dynamics analysis to evaluate time response of cupping therapy with different intervention timings on reducing muscle fatigue.

Background: Cupping therapy has been indicated effective in reducing muscle fatigue after 24 h based on the spectral analyses of surface electromyography (sEMG). However, there is no sufficient evidence showing changes of sEMG nonlinear indexes at more time points after cupping therapy. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the intervention timings of cupping therapy affect the recovery from muscle fatigue.

Protective effect and mechanism of lycium barbarum polysaccharide against UVB-induced skin photoaging.

Background: Cellular senescence can be categorized into two main types, including exogenous and endogenous aging. Photoaging, which is aging induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, significantly contributes to exogenous aging, accounting for approximately 80% of such cases. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is a class of antioxidant enzymes, with SOD2 being predominantly localized in the mitochondrial matrix.

Machine learning-based prediction of gastroparesis risk following complete mesocolic excision.

Background: Gastroparesis is a major complication following complete mesocolic excision (CME) and significantly impacts patient outcomes. This study aimed to create a machine learning model to pinpoint key risk factors before, during, and after surgery, effectively predicting the risk of gastroparesis after CME.

Methods: The study involved 1146 patients with colon cancer, out of which 95 developed gastroparesis.

Fecal microbiota transplantation as a new way for OVA-induced atopic dermatitis of juvenile mice.

Children all over the world suffer from atopic dermatitis (AD), a prevalent condition that impairs their health. Corticosteroids, which have long-term negative effects, are frequently used to treat AD. There has been a growing body of research on the gut microbiota's function in AD.

Macroautophagy/autophagy promotes resistance to KRAS-targeted therapy through glutathione synthesis.

KRAS mutation-driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents a major challenge in medicine due to late diagnosis and treatment resistance. Here, we report that macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy), a cellular degradation and recycling process, contributes to acquired resistance against novel KRAS-targeted therapy. The KRAS protein inhibitor MRTX1133 induces autophagy in KRAS-mutated PDAC cells by blocking MTOR activity, and increased autophagic flux prevents apoptosis.

Amphiregulin Downregulates E-cadherin Expression by Activating YAP/Egr-1/Slug Signaling in SKOV3 Human Ovarian Cancer Cells.

Amphiregulin (AREG) stimulates human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cell invasion by downregulating E-cadherin expression. YAP is a transcriptional cofactor that has been shown to regulate tumorigenesis. This study aimed to examine whether AREG activates YAP in EOC cells and explore the roles of YAP in AREG-induced downregulation of E-cadherin and cell invasion.

Selective anti-tumor activity of glutathione-responsive abasic site trapping agent in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare but highly aggressive thyroid cancer with poor prognosis. Killing cancer cells by inducing DNA damage or blockage of DNA repair is a promising strategy for chemotherapy. It is reported that aldehyde-reactive alkoxyamines can capture the AP sites, one of the most common DNA lesions, and inhibit apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1(APE1)-mediated base excision repair (BER), leading to cell death.

Kinetics of Squalene Quenching Singlet Oxygen and the Thermal Degradation Products Identification.

Squalene has been proven to possess various bioactive functions that are widely present in vegetable oils. A more comprehensive understanding of the reaction behavior of squalene under oxidative conditions was achieved by studying its antioxidant capacity and thermal degradation products. The total singlet oxygen quenching rate constant ( ) of squalene was 3.

Tumor microenvironment responsive nano-herb and CRISPR delivery system for synergistic chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Chemoresistance remains a significant challenge for effective breast cancer treatment which leads to cancer recurrence. CRISPR-directed gene editing becomes a powerful tool to reduce chemoresistance by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment. Previous research has revealed that Chinese herbal extracts have significant potential to overcome tumor chemoresistance.