Association of air pollutants with psychiatric disorders: a two-sample Mendelian randomization.

Background: The link between air pollution and increased risk of psychiatric disorders has been growing in evidence. However, the causal relationship between air pollution and psychiatric disorders remains poorly understood.

Methods: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with air pollutants (including NOx, NO, PM, PM, and PM) from the UK Biobank were used as instrumental variables.

In Situ Ligand-Transformation-Assisted Assembly of a Polyoxometalate and Silver-Phosphine Oxide Cluster for Colorimetric Detection of Phenol Contaminants.

In situ ligand transformation strategies represent an efficient pathway for constructing function-oriented polyoxometalate (POM)-based crystalline materials. Herein, three POM-based hybrid networks were synthesized through in situ transformation of the phosphine ligand, formulated as [Ag(dppeo)][HPMoO]·5HO (), [Ag(dedpo)][SiWO]·6HO (), and [Ag(dppeo)][PWO]·3HO () (dedpo = (2-(diphenylphosphaneyl)ethyl)diphenylphosphine oxide; dppeo = ethane-1,2-diylbis(diphenylphosphine oxide)). During the synthesis of these compounds, the 1,2-diphenylphosphine ethane molecule underwent in situ oxidation, transforming into dppeo and dedpo ligands, respectively.

Phosphomolybdates for Dual-Mode Photoelectrochemical Sensing toward Trace Chromium(VI) and Tetracycline.

Highly sensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors for trace carcinogens, such as heavy metal chromium(VI) [Cr(VI)] and antibiotic tetracycline (TC) are crucial. Herein, by integration of photoactive and redox phosphomolybdates with conjugated organic components, types of dual-mode PEC sensors were synthesized for sensing trace Cr(VI) and TC pollutants, with formulas of (Hbimb)[Co(bimb)][Co(HO)][Co(PMoOH)]·6HO (), (Hbib)[Co(HO)][Co(HO)][Co(PMoOH)]·9HO (), and (Hbib)[Co(Hbib)(HO)][Co(PMoOH)]·15HO (), where bimb represents 1,4-bis(1-imidazolyl)benzene and bib is 4,4'-bis(imidazolyl)bibphenyl. Hybrid consisted of a three-dimensional framework structure constructed by Co{PMo} clusters and one-dimensional (1D) {Co-bimb} chains, hybrid exhibited 1D Co ion-bridged Co{PMo} chains hydrogen-bonding with [Hbib] cations, and hybrid showed a discrete hybrid structure built upon a Co{PMo} cluster modified by the {Co-bib} unit.

Targeting Autophagy: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly impairs patients' quality of life, primarily because of its complications, which are the leading cause of mortality among individuals with the disease. Autophagy has emerged as a key process closely associated with DM, including its complications such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). DN is a major complication of DM, contributing significantly to chronic kidney disease and renal failure.

A study on the physical aging characteristics of the older people over 70 years old in China.

Aim: In China, with the increase of life expectancy and the decrease of fertility rate, the aging problem has become increasingly prominent, and the physical problems of the older people over 70 years are the key and difficult problems.

Method: Based on the interactive logic between the aging problem and the older people health, in the study, a questionnaire survey and a nationwide physical fitness test were carried out on the older people over 70, to divide into different age groups (70-74 years old, 75-79 years old, 80-84 years old, 85 years old and older) and different genders. There were 8,400 valid samples, and 1,050 persons in each group.

Atorvastatin-induced intracerebral hemorrhage is inhibited by berberine in zebrafish.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), for which there are currently no effective preventive or treatment methods, has a very high fatality rate. Statins, such as atorvastatin (ATV), are the first-line drugs for regulating blood lipids and treating hyperlipidemia-related cardiovascular diseases. However, ATV-associated ICH has been reported, although its incidence is rare.

Therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases by targeting the gut microbiome: from bench to bedside.

The aetiologies and origins of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington's disease (HD), are complex and multifaceted. A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays crucial roles in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Clinicians have come to realize that therapeutics targeting the gut microbiome have the potential to halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.

Effect of the type of brewing water on the sensory and physicochemical properties of light-scented and strong-scented oolong teas.

Variations in the quality of brewing water profoundly impact tea flavor. This study systematically investigated the effects of four common water sources, including pure water (PW), mountain spring water (MSW), mineral water (MW) and natural water (NW) on the flavor of tea infusion. Brewing with MW resulted in a flat taste and turbid aroma, mainly due to the low leaching of tea flavor components and complex interactions with mineral ions (mainly Ca, Mg).

Bridging Component Strategy in Phosphomolybdate-Based Sensors for Electrochemical Determination of Trace Cr(VI).

Rapid and sensitive electrochemical determination of trace carcinogenic Cr(VI) pollutants remains an urgent and important task, which requires the development of active sensing materials. Herein, four cases of reduced phosphomolybdates with formulas of the (Hbib)[Zn(HPO)]{Mn[PMoOH]}·6HO (), (Hbib)[Na(HO)][Mn(HO)]{Mn[PMoOH]}·5HO (), (Hbib)[Mo(μ-O)(HO)]{Ni[PMoOH]}·4HO (), and (Hbib){Ni[PMoOH]}·9HO () (bib = 4,4'-bis(1-imidazolyl)-biphenyl) were hydrothermally synthesized under the guidance of a bridging component strategy, which function as effective electrochemical sensors to detect trace Cr(VI). The difference of hybrids - is in the inorganic moiety, in which the reduced phosphomolybdates {M[PMoO]} (M{PMo}) exhibited different arrangements bridged by different cationic components ({Zn(HPO)} subunit for , [Mn(HO)] dimer for , and [Mo(μ-O)(HO)] for ).

Perfect cubic metallo-borospherenes TMB (TM = Ni, Pd, Pt) as superatoms following the 18-electron rule.

Transition-metal (TM)-doped metallo-borospherenes exhibit unique structures and bonding in chemistry which have received considerable attention in recent years. Based on extensive global minimum searches and first-principles theory calculations, we predict herein the first and smallest perfect cubic metallo-borospherenes TMB (TM = Ni (1), Pd (2), Pt (3)) and NiB (1) which contain eight equivalent TM atoms at the vertexes of a cube and six quasi-planar tetra-coordinate face-capping boron atoms on the surface. Detailed canonical molecular orbital and adaptive natural density partitioning bonding analyses indicate that TMB (1/2/3) as superatoms possess nine completely delocalized 14c-2e bonds following the 18-electron principle (1S1P1D), rendering spherical aromaticity and extra stability to the complex systems.

Time-dependent impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on incident prodromal Alzheimer disease: A longitudinal study in 1395 participants.

Background And Purpose: This study was undertaken to investigate the longitudinal impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the prodromal and dementia stages of Alzheimer disease (AD), focusing on diabetes duration and other comorbidities.

Methods: A total of 1395 dementia-free individuals aged 55-90 years with maximum 15-year follow-up data were enrolled from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of the incidence of prodromal or dementia stages of AD.

Bio-Inspired FeMoS Microspheres as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Boosting Hydrogen Oxidation/Evolution Reactions in Alkaline Solution.

Developing robust and effectual nonprecious electrocatalysts for the bifunctional hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions (HOR and HER) in alkaline electrolyte is of critical significance for the realization of future hydrogen economy but challenging. Herein, this work demonstrates a new routine for the preparation of bio-inspired FeMoS microspheres the one-step sulfuration of Keplerate-type polyoxometalate {MoFe}. The bio-inspired FeMoS microspheres feature potential-abundant structural defects and atomically precise iron doping and act as an effective bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen oxidation/reduction reactions.

Boron-lead multiple bonds in the PbBO and PbBO clusters.

Despite its electron deficiency, boron can form multiple bonds with a variety of elements. However, multiple bonds between boron and main-group metal elements are relatively rare. Here we report the observation of boron-lead multiple bonds in PbBO and PbBO, which are produced and characterized in a cluster beam.

Heptacoordinate transition-metal-decorated metallo-borospherenes and multiple-helix metallo-boronanotubes.

The recent discovery of lanthanide-metal-decorated metallo-borospherenes LMB (LM = La, Tb) marks the onset of a new class of boron-metal binary nanomaterials. Using the experimentally observed or theoretically predicted borospherenes as ligands and based on extensive first-principles theory calculations, we predict herein a series of novel chiral metallo-borospherenes Ni ∈ B (1), Ni ∈ B (3), Ni ∈ B (4), Ni ∈ B (5), and Ni ∈ B (6) as the global minima of the systems decorated with quasi-planar heptacoordinate Ni (phNi) centers in η-B heptagons on the cage surfaces, which are found to be obviously better favoured in coordination energies than hexacoordinate Ni centers in previously reported Ni ∈ B (2). Detailed bonding analyses indicate that these phNi-decorated metallo-borospherenes follow the σ + π double delocalization bonding pattern, with two effective (d-p)σ coordination bonds formed between each phNi and its η-B ligand, rendering spherical aromaticity and extra stability to the systems.

Three-Dimensional Silver-Containing Polyoxotungstate Frameworks for Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol.

Photocatalytic organic transformation derived by functionalized polyoxometalate (POM)-based metal-organic frameworks provides a feasible route for fine chemical synthesis. Herein, three kinds of photoactive three-dimensional silver-containing polyoxotungstate frameworks are synthesized with the formulas [AgL(OH)][Na(HO)][PWO]·HO (), [AgL][SiWO] (), and [Ag(HO)][AgL][BWO]·9HO () (L = 1,4-di(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)benzene). In compounds -, the cationic Ag-triazole clusters with diverse nuclei serve as nodes to assemble with rigid bridging ligands (L) and polyoxoanions to extend into stable three-dimensional frameworks, in which Keggin-type anions act as guests or pendants.

Correlation analysis of self-directed learning ability, self-efficacy and academic burnout of junior nursing college students in closed management colleges.

Aims: To understand the status quo of self-directed learning ability, self-efficacy and academic burnout of junior nursing college students, since the closed management mode was implemented during COVID-19 pandemic disease.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Participants came from 3,051 junior nursing college students of a college in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.

Bifunctional Sensors Based on Phosphomolybdates for Detection of Inorganic Hexavalent Chromium and Organic Tetracycline.

Exploring effective sensors for detecting possible hazards in a water system are greatly significant. This work proposed a strategy for stable and effective bifunctional sensors incorporating hourglass-type phosphomolybdates into metal-organic fragments to construct a high-dimensional framework. Two hourglass-type phosphomolybdate-based electrochemical sensors toward heavy metal ion Cr(VI) and tetracycline (TC) detection were designed with the formula [Co(HO)Na][Co(Hbpe)][Na(bpe)]{Co[PMoOH]}·9HO () and [Co(HO)Na][Co(Hbpe)][Co(bpe)]{Co[PMoOH]}·9HO () [bpe = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene].

A bottom-up approach from medium-sized bilayer boron nanoclusters to bilayer borophene nanomaterials.

Inspired by the experimentally observed bilayer B and theoretically predicted bilayer B-B and based on extensive density functional theory calculations, we report herein a series of novel medium-sized bilayer boron nanoclusters B (I), B (II), B (III), B (IV), B (V), B (VI), B (VII), and B (VIII) which are the most stable isomers of the systems reported to date effectively stabilized by optimum numbers of interlayer B-B σ bonds between the inward-buckled atoms on top and bottom layers. Detailed bonding analyses indicate that these bilayer species follow the universal bonding pattern of σ + π double delocalization, rendering three-dimensional aromaticity in the systems. More interestingly, the AA-stacked bilayer structural motif in B (VII) with a B bilayer hexagonal prism at the center can be extended to form bilayer B (IX), B (X), B (XI), B (XII), and B (XIII) which contain one or multiple conjoined B bilayer hexagonal prisms sharing interwoven zig-zag boron triple chains between them.

Polyoxometalate-Incorporated Metal-Organic Network as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Selective Oxidation of Aryl Alkenes.

Selective oxidation of aryl alkenes is important for chemical synthesis reactions, in which the key lies in the rational design of efficient catalysts. Herein, four polyoxometalate (POM)-incorporated metal-organic networks, with the formulas of [Co(ttb)(HO)][SiMoO]·2HO (), [Co(ttb)(HO)][SiWO]·8HO (), [Zn(Httb)(Httb)][BWO]·9HO () and {[Zn(HO)(ttb)][Zn(HO)]}[HSiWZnO]·24HO () (ttb = 1,3,5-tri(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene), were hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Structural analysis showed that compound consists of a POM-encapsulated three-dimensional (3-D) supramolecular framework; compound is composed of a POM-supported 3-D coordination network; and compounds show POM-incorporated 3-D supramolecular networks.

The role of ipRGCs in ocular growth and myopia development.

The increasing global prevalence of myopia calls for elaboration of the pathogenesis of this disease. Here, we show that selective ablation and activation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in developing mice induced myopic and hyperopic refractive shifts by modulating the corneal radius of curvature (CRC) and axial length (AL) in an opposite way. Melanopsin- and rod/cone-driven signals of ipRGCs were found to influence refractive development by affecting the AL and CRC, respectively.

Efficient Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide Based on Silver-Centered Preyssler-Type Polyoxometalate Hybrids.

Four polyoxometalate (POM)-based organic-inorganic hybrid compounds, namely, (Hbimb)H[((Mn(HO)(μ-bimb))(Mn(HO))(Mn(HO))(AgPWO))]·29HO (), [(Cu(Hbimb)(HO)(μ-bimb)Cu(Hbimb)(HO))(Cu(HO)(μ-bimb)Cu(HO))((Cu(HO))(μ-bimb)(Cu(HO)))H(AgPWO)]·12.5HO (), (Hbimb)H[(Zn(Hbimb)(HO)(Zn(Hbimb)(HO)))(AgPWO)]·12HO (), and (Hbimb)H[(Ag(HO))(Ag(Hbimb)Ag(Hbimb)(μ-bimb)Ag)(Ag(HO))(AgPWO)]·7HO () (bimb = 1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene), were hydrothermally synthesized using a silver-centered Preyssler-type POM K[AgPWO]·18HO (abbreviated as K-{AgPW}) as a precursor. In -, {AgPW} clusters integrating the merits of Ag and {PW} units are modified by different transition metal (TM)-organic fragments to extend the structures into three-dimensional frameworks.

Altered Retinal Dopamine Levels in a Melatonin-proficient Mouse Model of Form-deprivation Myopia.

Reduced levels of retinal dopamine, a key regulator of eye development, are associated with experimental myopia in various species, but are not seen in the myopic eyes of C57BL/6 mice, which are deficient in melatonin, a neurohormone having extensive interactions with dopamine. Here, we examined the relationship between form-deprivation myopia (FDM) and retinal dopamine levels in melatonin-proficient CBA/CaJ mice. We found that these mice exhibited a myopic refractive shift in form-deprived eyes, which was accompanied by altered retinal dopamine levels.

An in silico and in vitro integrated analysis method to reveal the curative mechanisms and pharmacodynamic substances of Bufei granule on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease with high disability and mortality. Clinical studies have shown that the Traditional Chinese Medicine Bufei Granule (BFG) has conspicuous effects on relieving cough and improving lung function in patients with COPD and has a reliable effect on the treatment of COPD, whereas the therapeutic mechanism is vague. In the present study, the latent bronchodilators and mechanism of BFG in the treatment of COPD were discussed through the method of network pharmacology.