Keratoplasty: are children missing out on the lamellar revolution-the 2023 Bowman Club, David L. Easty Lecture.

There has been a growing interest in lamellar keratoplasty over penetrating keratoplasty in the treatment of cornea diseases. Children, in particular, may benefit from lamellar keratoplasty due to faster visual recovery, better outcomes, fewer eye drops and earlier amblyopia treatment. This review aims to examine the trends, surgical techniques and outcomes in paediatric lamellar keratoplasty.

Artificial Intelligence Meets Neuro-Ophthalmology.

Recent advances in artificial intelligence have provided ophthalmologists with fast, accurate, and automated means for diagnosing and treating ocular conditions, paving the way to a modern and scalable eye care system. Compared to other ophthalmic disciplines, neuro-ophthalmology has, until recently, not benefitted from significant advances in the area of artificial intelligence. In this narrative review, we summarize and discuss recent advancements utilizing artificial intelligence for the detection of structural and functional optic nerve head abnormalities, and ocular movement disorders in neuro-ophthalmology.

Incidence and analysis of sharps injuries and splash exposures in a tertiary hospital in Southeast Asia: a ten-year review.

Introduction: We aimed to report the ten-year incidence and trend of sharps injuries and splash exposures (SISE), and analyse the causative instruments and risk factors leading to these injuries to identify potential areas of improvement.

Methods: A retrospective review of self-reported SISE incidents from 2005 to 2014 was conducted in Singapore General Hospital. Data was extracted from the electronic database of the Department of Infection Prevention and Control.

Radiologic Parameters of Orbital Bone Remodeling in Thyroid Eye Disease.

Purpose: To radiologically examine for the presence of bony remodeling of the orbit in thyroid eye disease (TED).

Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans of 248 orbits of 124 patients with TED and 185 orbits of 138 controls were retrospectively reviewed, and the following parameters measured: the angle of the inferomedial orbital strut (AIOS), the angle of the medial wall (AMW), and the diameters of the extraocular muscles. The association of TED with the AIOS or AMW was analyzed with linear regression models, and the correlations between the AMW or AIOS measurements with the extraocular muscle measurements were determined.

Incidence and risk factors of symptomatic dry eye disease in Asian Malays from the Singapore Malay Eye Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of symptomatic dry eye disease (SDED) and associated risk factors in a well-characterized cohort of ethnic Malays in Singapore.

Methods: We included 1682 participants (mean age [SD]: 57 [10]years; 55.4% female) without SDED from the Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES), a population-based longitudinal study with baseline examination (SiMES-1) conducted between 2004 and 2006, and follow-up examination (SiMES-2) conducted between 2010 and 2013.

Barrier function in the ocular surface: from conventional paradigms to new opportunities.

By providing a physical and immunological barrier, the ocular surface serves the important function of protecting the vision apparatus. The barrier function keeps the cornea relatively dehydrated, preserving transparency for transmission of light. In many instances, dysfunction of this barrier leads to clinical diseases, such as dry eye, infectious keratitis, allergic keratoconjunctivitis, chemical injury, and persistent epithelial defects.