A small HO-soluble ingredient of royal jelly lower cholesterol levels in liver cells by suppressing squalene epoxidase.

Excessive cholesterol in the liver is harmful for our health and may cause many diseases, such as fatty liver disease. Many studies in human and animal models have reported that royal jelly (RJ) can be used to treat atherosclerosis. However, the real mechanisms behind this action is unclear.

Postprandial proximal gastric acid pocket and its association with gastroesophageal acid reflux in patients with short-segment Barrett's esophagus.

Objective: To determine the characteristics of postprandial proximal gastric acid pockets (PPGAPs) and their association with gastroesophageal acid reflux in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE).

Methods: Fifteen patients with BE (defined by columnar lined esophagus of ≥1 cm) and 15 healthy individuals that were matched for age, gender, and body mass index, were recruited. The fasting intragastric pH and the appearance time, length, lowest pH, and mean pH of the PPGAP were determined using a single pH electrode pull-through experiment.

Potential rat model of anxiety-like gastric hypersensitivity induced by sequential stress.

Aim: To establish a rat model of anxiety-like gastric hypersensitivity (GHS) of functional dyspepsia (FD) induced by novel sequential stress.

Methods: Animal pups were divided into two groups from postnatal day 2: controls and the sequential-stress-treated. The sequential-stress-treated group received maternal separation and acute gastric irritation early in life and restraint stress in adulthood; controls were reared undisturbed with their mothers.

Reflux characteristics of 113 GERD patients with abnormal 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH tests.

Objective: To analyze reflux parameters by means of combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH (MII-pH) monitoring in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms off medication, and to find the reflux characteristics of Chinese GERD patients and the influences of gender, age, body posture, and body mass index (BMI) on gastroesophageal reflux (GER).

Methods: Between Dec. 2008 and May 2014, 125 patients with typical GERD symptoms were subjected to 24-h MII-pH monitoring.