[Correction Methods of Temperature Drift for Infrared Spectral Emissivity Measurement System].

For the influence of temperature drift of the spectral responsivity on the repeatability infrared spectral emissivity measurement system, a temperature drift correction method is proposed based on the polynomial fitting. By analyzing the function of detector output voltage depended on its temperature. After studying the functional relationship between the temperature and spectral responsivity of detector, the spectral response curve varies with temperature is fitted and get the fitting equation.

Multifaceted biological insights from a draft genome sequence of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta.

Manduca sexta, known as the tobacco hornworm or Carolina sphinx moth, is a lepidopteran insect that is used extensively as a model system for research in insect biochemistry, physiology, neurobiology, development, and immunity. One important benefit of this species as an experimental model is its extremely large size, reaching more than 10 g in the larval stage. M.

The genomes of two key bumblebee species with primitive eusocial organization.

Background: The shift from solitary to social behavior is one of the major evolutionary transitions. Primitively eusocial bumblebees are uniquely placed to illuminate the evolution of highly eusocial insect societies. Bumblebees are also invaluable natural and agricultural pollinators, and there is widespread concern over recent population declines in some species.

Comparative validation of the D. melanogaster modENCODE transcriptome annotation.

Accurate gene model annotation of reference genomes is critical for making them useful. The modENCODE project has improved the D. melanogaster genome annotation by using deep and diverse high-throughput data.

Natural variation in genome architecture among 205 Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel lines.

The Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) is a community resource of 205 sequenced inbred lines, derived to improve our understanding of the effects of naturally occurring genetic variation on molecular and organismal phenotypes. We used an integrated genotyping strategy to identify 4,853,802 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1,296,080 non-SNP variants. Our molecular population genomic analyses show higher deletion than insertion mutation rates and stronger purifying selection on deletions.

[Effects of Tiam1 on invasion and metastasis of breast carcinoma and its mechanisms].

Objective: To investigate the significance of Tiam1 in invasion and metastasis of breast carcinoma and its mechanisms.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect Tiam1 expression in tumor tissue of 126 breast carcinomas. Tiam1 was silenced by siRNA in breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-435, then the expressions of phosphor-ERK 1, ERK 2 and VEGF were detected, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to examine the transcription activiy of AP-1.

Pancreatic cancer genomes reveal aberrations in axon guidance pathway genes.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignancy with few effective therapies. We performed exome sequencing and copy number analysis to define genomic aberrations in a prospectively accrued clinical cohort (n = 142) of early (stage I and II) sporadic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Detailed analysis of 99 informative tumours identified substantial heterogeneity with 2,016 non-silent mutations and 1,628 copy-number variations.

Epistasis dominates the genetic architecture of Drosophila quantitative traits.

Epistasis-nonlinear genetic interactions between polymorphic loci-is the genetic basis of canalization and speciation, and epistatic interactions can be used to infer genetic networks affecting quantitative traits. However, the role that epistasis plays in the genetic architecture of quantitative traits is controversial. Here, we compared the genetic architecture of three Drosophila life history traits in the sequenced inbred lines of the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) and a large outbred, advanced intercross population derived from 40 DGRP lines (Flyland).

Exploring the utility of whole-exome sequencing as a diagnostic tool in a child with atypical episodic muscle weakness.

The advent of whole-exome next-generation sequencing (WES) has been pivotal for the molecular characterization of Mendelian disease; however, the clinical applicability of WES has remained relatively unexplored. We describe our exploration of WES as a diagnostic tool in a 3½-year old female patient with a 2-year history of episodic muscle weakness and paroxysmal dystonia who presented following a previous extensive but unrevealing diagnostic work-up. WES was performed on the proband and her two parents.

The Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel.

A major challenge of biology is understanding the relationship between molecular genetic variation and variation in quantitative traits, including fitness. This relationship determines our ability to predict phenotypes from genotypes and to understand how evolutionary forces shape variation within and between species. Previous efforts to dissect the genotype-phenotype map were based on incomplete genotypic information.

Frequent somatic mutations in MAP3K5 and MAP3K9 in metastatic melanoma identified by exome sequencing.

We sequenced eight melanoma exomes to identify new somatic mutations in metastatic melanoma. Focusing on the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family, we found that 24% of melanoma cell lines have mutations in the protein-coding regions of either MAP3K5 or MAP3K9. Structural modeling predicted that mutations in the kinase domain may affect the activity and regulation of these protein kinases.

Whole-exome sequencing identifies compound heterozygous mutations in WDR62 in siblings with recurrent polymicrogyria.

Polymicrogyria is a disorder of neuronal development resulting in structurally abnormal cerebral hemispheres characterized by over-folding and abnormal lamination of the cerebral cortex. Polymicrogyria is frequently associated with severe neurologic deficits including intellectual disability, motor problems, and epilepsy. There are acquired and genetic causes of polymicrogyria, but most patients with a presumed genetic etiology lack a specific diagnosis.

[Ultraviolet spectrum analysis methods for detecting the concentration of organic pollutants in water].

The absorption rate of ultraviolet could be used to measure the concentration of organic pollutant, as most of the organic pollutant has stronger absorption rate in ultraviolet region in water. In the present paper, principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares (PLS), and support vector machine (SVM) were respectively used to model a regression model after the spectrum preprocessing, such as smoothing, derivation, standard normal variate transformation (SNV), etc. Then, the concentration of organic pollutant could be measured via the ultraviolet spectrum and the regression model.

Whole exome capture in solution with 3 Gbp of data.

We have developed a solution-based method for targeted DNA capture-sequencing that is directed to the complete human exome. Using this approach allows the discovery of greater than 95% of all expected heterozygous singe base variants, requires as little as 3 Gbp of raw sequence data and constitutes an effective tool for identifying rare coding alleles in large scale genomic studies.

[Expression of Tiam1 in breast carcinomas and its clinical significance].

Objective: To investigate the expression of T lymphoma invasion and metastasis inducing factor 1 (Tiam1) in breast carcinomas, and explore its association with the clinicopathological features of breast carcinoma.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect Tiam1 expression in normal breast tissue and 126 breast carcinoma tissues, and the expression levels of Tiam1 mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively.

Results: The expression of Tiam1 was significantly higher in breast carcinomas than in normal breast tissue (P<0.

Allele-specific methylation of a functional CTCF binding site upstream of MEG3 in the human imprinted domain of 14q32.

The gene MEG3 is located in the imprinted human chromosomal region on 14q32. Imprinting of a structurally homologous region IGF2/H19 on 11p15 is mediated through cytosine methylation-controlled binding of the protein CTCF to target sites upstream of H19. We identified five new CTCF binding sites around the promoter of MEG3.

[Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases in the hepatocellular carcinomas].

Objective: To explore the expression and clinical prognostic significance of matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA (MMP-2 mRNA), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA (TIMP-2 mRNA), matrix metalloproteinase-2 protein (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 protein (TIMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 protein (TIMP-2) in the hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs).

Methods: Fifty-six specimens of HCCs from 56 patients, who were followed-up, were investigated by in situ hybridization with specific probes for MMP-2, TIMP-2, and by immunohistochemistry with anti-MMP-2, MMP-9 and anti-TIMP-1, TIMP-2 monoclonal antibody. We analyzed the data with chi-square test, spearmans correlation analysis, monovariate Kaplan-Meier plot and multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Somatostatin receptor gene transfer inhibits established pancreatic cancer xenografts.

Background: Most human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells do not express somatostatin receptors, and somatostatin does not inhibit the growth of these cancers. We have demonstrated previously that somatostatin inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancers expressing somatostatin receptor subtype-2 (SSTR2), but not receptor-negative cancers. SSTR2 expression may be an important tumor-suppressor pathway that is lost in human pancreatic cancer.

Somatostatin receptor subtype 2 gene therapy inhibits pancreatic cancer in vitro.

Background: Most human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells do not express somatostatin receptors and somatostatin does not inhibit the growth of these cancers. We have demonstrated previously that somatostatin inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancers expressing somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSR2) but not receptor-negative cancers. SSR2 expression may be an important tumor suppressor pathway that is lost in human pancreatic cancer.

Refinement of the genomic structure of STX1A and mutation analysis in nondeletion Williams syndrome patients.

Williams syndrome (WS) is a contiguous gene deletion disorder in which the commonly deleted region contains at least 17 genes. One of these genes, Syntaxin 1A (STX1A), codes for a protein that is highly expressed in the nervous system and is essential for the docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. In this study, we refine the complete genomic structure of the human STX1A gene by direct sequencing and primer walking of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones and show that STX1A contains at least 10 exons and 9 introns.

A case of segmental paternal isodisomy of chromosome 14.

Uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 (UPD 14) results in one of two distinct abnormal phenotypes, depending upon the parent of origin. This discordance may result from the reciprocal over-expression and/or under-expression of one or more imprinted genes. We report a case of segmental paternal isodisomy for chromosome 14 with features similar to those reported in other paternal disomy 14 cases.