Increasing the data size to accurately reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships between nine subgroups of the Drosophila melanogaster species group (Drosophilidae, Diptera).

Previous phylogenetic analyses of the melanogaster species group have led to conflicting hypotheses concerning their relationship; therefore the addition of new sequence data is necessary to discover the phylogeny of this species group. Here we present new data derived from 17 genes and representing 48 species to reconstruct the phylogeny of the melanogaster group. A variety of statistical tests, as well as maximum likelihood mapping analysis, were performed to estimate data quality, suggesting that all genes had a high degree of contribution to resolve the phylogeny.

Convergent intron loss of MRP1 in Drosophila and mosquito species.

Previous study revealed that the MRP1 gene ortholog DMRP1/CG6214 of Drosophila melanogaster contains 12 exons in the coding region. In the current study, the genes of DMRP1/CG6214 from D. melanogaster and Drosophila virilis were compared, and the result indicated that D.

An intron loss of Dfak gene in species of the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup and phylogenetic analysis.

Drosophila focal adhesion kinase (Dfak) gene is a single-copy nuclear gene. Previous study revealed that Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans had lost an intron precisely within the tyrosine kinase (TyK) domain of this gene. However, this did not happen in several other Drosophila species, including Drosophila elegans, Drosophila ficusphila, Drosophila biarmipes, Drosophila jambulina, Drosophila prostipennis, Drosophila takahashii, and Drosophila pseudoobscura.

[Molecular phylogenetic relationships of Drosophila immigrans species group based on H2a-H2b spacer and Cyt b sequences].

In order to investigate molecular phylogenetic relationships of Drosophila immigrans species group, nucleotide sequences of H2a-H2b spacer regions and partial nucleotide sequences of Cytochrome b gene for five specieses subgroup in Drosophila immigrans species group and D. hydei which was selected as outgroup were acquired. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, neighbor joining and Bayesian methods based on H2a-H2b and Cyt b DNA sequences.

[Karyotypes of five species in the Drosophila melanogaster species group].

Based on the traditional knocking-slides and Giemsa-staining methods,this paper firstly analyzed the metaphase chromosomes of five species (D. constricta, D. ohnishii, D.

[Three steps for amplifying quick evolving region of DNA.].

A common problem in research of molecular evolution is difficult to efficiently amplify quick evolving target sequence of genes in different species or genus using specific primers, thus making experimental process and final analysis of total results delayed. Although using nested or semi-nested PCR can prominently increase PCR specificity, it really cannot efficiently amplify quick evolving region of DNA in our research of gene Fak56D. In this research, we need PCR products corresponding to gene Fak56D of different species of Drosophila melanogaster or other genus of Drosophila .

[The evolutionary traits of mitocondrial ND4-ND4L in Drosophila melanogaster species group].

The sequences of the mitochondrial ND4-ND4L were determined for all the 33 extant taxaes of the Drosophila melanogaster species group, so evolutionary traits of ND4 gene sequences were analyzed. We found a strong transition bias in closed related species and saturation of transitional substitutions in distant related species. Moreover, we calculated the diverge time of eight subgroup according to the Tamura-Nei distance between D.

[Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of Drosophila simulans in the mainland of China].

The widespread distribution of Drosophila simulans in the mainland of China was found recently. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyzed DNA polymorphisms of 38 Drosophila simulans populations collected from the mainland of China. The origins of D.

[The distribution and origin of P elements in Drosophila melanogaster strains from northeast China].

Eukaryotic transposable elements, especially P transposable elements of Drosophla, are very important to study the evolution of biology. We collected 130 single--female lines of D. melanogaster from 13 places in Northeast China and 3 places nearby which are Beijing(BC), Yantai (YT), Huhehaote(HHT) in 1999 and 2000.