Subsequent maternal sleep deprivation aggravates cognitive impairment by modulating hippocampal neuroinflammatory responses and synaptic function in maternal isoflurane-exposed offspring mice.

Introduction: Pregnant women may need to undergo non-obstetric surgery under general anesthesia owing to medical needs, and pregnant women frequently experience sleep disturbances during late gestation. Preclinical studies demonstrated that maternal isoflurane exposure (MISO) or maternal sleep deprivation (MSD) contributed to cognitive impairments in offspring. Research studies in mice have revealed that SD can aggravate isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits.

Effect of different modes of administration of dexmedetomidine on the quality of recovery in ambulatory thyroidectomy: a randomized, controlled trial.

Objective: To compare the effects of two different administration methods of dexmedetomidine (DEX) used as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided bilateral intermediate cervical plexus block (CPB) in terms of efficacy and the duration of postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing ambulatory thyroidectomy.

Methods: This double-blind, randomized study enrolled patients who underwent thyroidectomy with ultrasound-guided bilateral intermediate CPB. Patients were randomized to receive either perineural administration of dexmedetomidine (group DP) or intravenous pumping of dexmedetomidine (group DI).

[Effects of low-dose dexmedetomidine combined with hydromorphone in postoperative analgesia and on the serum IL-6 and CRP levels of prostate cancer patients].

Objective: To explore the effects of low-dose dexmedetomidine (DM) combined with hydromorphone (HM) in postoperative analgesia and on levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in PCa patients.

Methods: Using the random number table, we divided 102 PCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy from January 2019 to November 2020 into a trial group (n = 51) and a control group (n = 51), the former given HM and the latter low-dose DM + HM for postoperative analgesia. We recorded the postoperative resuscitation time, extubation time and pain, perioperative cognitive function, IL-6 and CRP levels, and drug-related adverse reactions of the patients, and compared them between the two groups.

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in the rostral ventromedial medulla contributes to the chronification of postoperative pain.

Aims: Chronification of postoperative pain is a common clinical phenomenon following surgical operation, and it perplexes a great number of patients. Estrogen and its membrane receptor (G protein-coupled estrogen receptor, GPER) play a crucial role in pain regulation. Here, we explored the role of GPER in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) during chronic postoperative pain and search for the possible mechanism.

An appropriate level of autophagy reduces emulsified isoflurane-induced apoptosis in fetal neural stem cells.

Autophagy plays essential roles in cell survival. However, the functions and regulation of the autophagy-related proteins Atg5, LC3B, and Beclin 1 during anesthetic-induced developmental neurotoxicity remain unclear. This study aimed to understand the autophagy pathways and mechanisms that affect neurotoxicity, induced by the anesthetic emulsified isoflurane, in rat fetal neural stem cells.

Dexmedetomidine inhibits the invasion, migration, and inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes by reducing the expression of NLRC5.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory synovitis, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. NLRC5 is a newly discovered member of the NLR family that is effective in regulating autoimmunity, inflammatory responses, and cell death processes. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been reported to have a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

Margatoxin mitigates CCl4‑induced hepatic fibrosis in mice via macrophage polarization, cytokine secretion and STAT signaling.

A number of macrophage phenotypes have been previously identified as crucial regulators in the progression of hepatic fibrosis (HF). Cytokines from macrophages or Kupffer cells (KCs) have also been identified to be important regulators in HF. Blocking Kv1.

Effects of Morphine on Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Rabbit Colon and Small Intestinal Transit: An Experimental Study.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of morphine with naloxone on intestinal peristalsis and the number of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in colon tissues of rabbits.

Methods: Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into five groups (n=6, each group): saline control group (NS group), low concentration of morphine group (L group), medium concentration of morphine group (M group), high concentration of morphine group (H group), medium concentration of morphine and naloxone mixed with antagonist group (NM group). Rabbits in these five groups were administered with an epidural puncture tube and dorsal epidural analgesia pump, and were continuously infused for seven days.

Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning improves postoperative cognitive dysfunction by reducing oxidant stress and inflammation.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a crucial public health issue that has been increasingly studied in efforts to reduce symptoms or prevent its occurrence. However, effective advances remain lacking. Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning has proved to protect vital organs, such as the heart, liver, and brain.

Subhypnotic doses of propofol impair spatial memory retrieval in rats.

Abundant evidence indicates that propofol profoundly affects memory processes, although its specific effects on memory retrieval have not been clarified. A recent study has indicated that hippocampal glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity affects memory. Constitutively active GSK-3β is required for memory retrieval, and propofol has been shown to inhibit GSK-3β.

Effects of intravenous lidocaine, dexmedetomidine and their combination on postoperative pain and bowel function recovery after abdominal hysterectomy.

Background: Intravenous (IV) lidocaine and dexmedetomidine have been shown to decrease postoperative pain, reduce analgesic consumption and facilitate return of bowel function. We investigated whether lidocaine combined with dexmedetomidine infusion was superior in controlling pain and recovery of bowel function.

Methods: A total of 240 women undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy were randomly assigned into four groups: group CON received normal saline infusion, group LIDO received lidocaine infusion (1.

A simple blind placement of the left-sided double-lumen tubes.

One-lung ventilation (OLV) has been commonly provided by using a double-lumen tube (DLT). Previous reports have indicated the high incidence of inappropriate DLT positioning in conventional maneuvers.After obtaining approval from the medical ethics committee of First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and written consent from patients, 88 adult patients belonging to American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status grade I or II, and undergoing elective thoracic surgery requiring a left-side DLT for OLV were enrolled in this prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled study.

[Investigation methodology and application on scientific and technological personnel of traditional Chinese medical resources based on data from Chinese scientific research paper].

The aim of this study is to identify the present status of the scientific and technological personnel in the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) resource science. Based on the data from Chinese scientific research paper, an investigation regarding the number of the personnel, the distribution, their output of paper, their scientific research teams, high-yield authors and high-cited authors was conducted. The study covers seven subfields of traditional Chinese medicine identification, quality standard, Chinese medicine cultivation, harvest processing of TCM, market development and resource protection and resource management, as well as 82 widely used Chinese medicine species, such as Ginseng and Radix Astragali.

Comparison of the type and severity of early attentional network decline after total intravenous or epidural anesthesia in middle-aged women after gynecological surgery.

Compared with regional anesthesia, general anesthesia may increase the risk of postoperative cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate the type and severity of attentional network decline and the recovery of attentional networks in middle-aged women after gynecological surgery. A total of 140 consenting women undergoing elective gynecological surgery were enrolled in the study.

Selective impairment of attention networks during propofol anesthesia after gynecological surgery in middle-aged women.

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a common complication of anesthesia and surgery. Attention networks are essential components of cognitive function and are subject to impairment after anesthesia and surgery. It is not known whether such impairment represents a global attention deficit or relates to a specific attention network.

Awakening from anesthesia using propofol or sevoflurane with epidural block in radical surgery for senile gastric cancer.

Objective: To study the awakening of the elderly patients from propofol intravenous general anesthesia or sevoflurane inhalation general anesthesia combined with epidural block after radical gastric cancer surgery.

Method: Eighty cases receiving selective radical surgery for gastric cancer were included. They were aged 65-78 years and classified as ASA grade I-II.

Involvement of GSK3β/β-catenin signaling in the impairment effect of ketamine on spatial memory consolidation in rats.

The cellular mechanisms underlying amnesia produced by the analgesic ketamine are not clear. The current study examined the effects of ketamine on memory consolidation in rats trained in a Morris water maze task, and further tested whether the glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β/β-catenin signaling pathway was involved in mediating the effects of posttraining ketamine on retention. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with ketamine (0, 25, 50, or 100mg/kg) immediately after an eight-trial water maze training session.

Psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score for diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in China.

Aim: To construct normal values for the tests of the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) and to evaluate its usefulness in the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) among Chinese individuals with cirrhosis.

Methods: The five tests of PHES, number connection test-A (NCT-A), number connection test-B, serial dotting test, line tracing test and digit symbol test (DST), were administered to all enrolled subjects in a quiet room with sufficient light. Cirrhotic subjects with overt HE were excluded by the West-Haven criteria and a detailed neurological examination.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α activation protects against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis.

Live ischemia-reperfusion injury is associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) may inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and protect against liver injury. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PPARα activation, through a specific agonist, on ER stress-induced apoptosis in human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells.

Antioxidant Stress and Anti-Inflammation of PPARα on Warm Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a serious clinical problem. Minimizing the adverse effect of ischemia-reperfusion injury after liver surgery or trauma is an urgent need. It has been proved that besides the effect of regulating the lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, PPARα also undertakes the task of organ protection.

Protective Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α Agonist, Wy14643, on Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Primary Rat Hepatocytes.

This study investigates the effects and possible mechanism of an agonist of PPARα, Wy14643, on primary hepatocytes subjected to H/R injury in rats. H/R induced a significant increase ALT, AST, MDA in the culture medium and ROS in the hepatocytes. These effects were reversed by pretreatment with Wy14643 in the dose-dependent manner.

Effects of Wy14643 on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

Aim: To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of Wy14643 on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.

Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-280 g were randomly divided into five experimental groups: sham group (G1, n=6): a sham operation was performed (except for liver I/R); I/R-untreated group (G2, n=6): rats underwent liver ischemia for 90 min followed by reperfusion for 4 h; and I/R+Wy14643 groups (G3, G4, G5; n=6): after the same surgical procedure as in group 2, animals were pretreated with Wy14643 at the dose of 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg 1 h before ischemia, respectively. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) was induced by clamping blood supply to the left lateral and median lobes of the liver for 90 min, and atraumatic clamp was removed for 4 h reperfusion.

Relative bioavailability and bioequivalence of metforphin hydrochloride extended-released and immediate-released tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relative bioavailability and bioequivalence of a new tablet formulation of metformin hydrochloride with reference to a standard product in healthy Chinese adult male volunteers. Two randomized, comparative, two-way crossover studies were therefore conducted. In study 1, which was a single-dose study, 20 subjects received 1000 mg metformin hydrochloride test product extended-release (MXR) tablets followed by the same amount of metformin hydrochloride reference product immediate-release (MIR) tablets with a 7-day washout period between the two doses.

Anti-hepatocarcinoma effects of 5-fluorouracil encapsulated by galactosylceramide liposomes in vivo and in vitro.

Aim: To study the anti-hepatocarcinoma effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) encapsulated by galactosylceramide liposomes (5-Fu-GCL) in vivo and in vitro.

Methods: Tumor-bearing animal model and HepA cell line were respectively adopted to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of 5-Fu-GCL in vivo and in vitro. Tumor cell growth inhibition effects of 5-Fu-GCL in vitro were assessed by cell viability assay and MTT assay.