Electrochemically Enabled Double C-H Activation of Amides: Chemoselective Synthesis of Polycyclic Isoquinolinones.

We developed an electrochemically enabled dehydrogenative annulation reaction of amides and alkynes for the synthesis of antitumor polycyclic isoquinolinones through a double C-H activation route. No external oxidant is required in this reaction, and electricity is used for Ru catalyst circulation. The most remarkable feature of this reaction is the effective improvement of product regioselectivity under mild electrolytic conditions in comparison with previously set strong oxidant conditions.

[Effects of fluoride on Fas signal pathway in rat incisor cells].

Objective: To investigate the effects of fluoride on Fas expression, caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity and apoptosis in rat incisor cells.

Methods: Forty male SD rats were divided into 4 groups randomly and provided with distilled water containing NaF at the doses of 0, 10, 50 and 100 mg/L respectively. Each group had 10 animals.