Is antibiotic prophylaxis generally safe and effective in surgical and nonsurgical scenarios? Evidence from an umbrella review of randomized controlled trials.

Background: The authors aimed to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic prophylaxis through surgical and nonsurgical scenarios and assess the strength of evidence.

Materials And Methods: The authors performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). An evidence map was created to summarize the absolute benefits of antibiotic prophylaxis in each scenario and certainty of evidence.

Transperineal anastomotic posterior urethroplasty with bulbocavernosus flap and fibrin sealant in the complicated posterior urethral stricture reconstruction: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Management of complicated posterior urethral stricture is challenging. Modified transperineal anastomotic urethroplasty (TAU) with bulbocavernosus flap interposition and human fibrin sealant provides another treatment option. The authors aimed to evaluate whether this technique could improve the success rate in the complicated posterior urethral stricture reconstruction in this study.

Do Obesity-Related Traits Affect Prostate Cancer Risk through Serum Testosterone? A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether testosterone mediates or confounds the effect of obesity-related traits on prostate cancer (PCa) using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Materials And Methods: Data of obesity-related traits (body mass index [BMI], waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], and waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index [WHRadjBMI]) were obtained from up to 806,834 people of European ancestry; data of testosterone (bioavailable testosterone [BT], total testosterone [TT], and sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG]) were extracted from up to 194,453 participants in the UK Biobank; and the summary-level data of PCa (79,194 cases and 61,112 controls) were obtained from the PRACTICAL consortium.

Result: The results supported the causal relationship between higher BMI and a reduced risk of PCa (OR = 0.

Influence of Isocyanate Structure on Recyclable Shape Memory Poly(thiourethane).

In this study, poly(thiourethane) (PTU) with different structures is synthesized by click chemistry from trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (S3) and different diisocyanates (hexamethylene diisocyanate, HDI, isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI and toluene diisocyanate, TDI). Quantitative analysis of the FTIR spectra reveals that the reaction rates between TDI and S3 are the most rapid, resulting from the combined influence of conjugation and spatial site hindrance. Moreover, the homogeneous cross-linked network of the synthesized PTUs facilitates better manageability of the shape memory effect.

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of holmium laser with the Moses technology and regular mode for stone treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: As a new pulse modality of holmium laser in retrograde intrarenal stone surgery, the MOSES technique can reduce the possibility of stone drifting and help to powder kidney stones in vitro and in animal experiments. However, there remains controversy about whether the MOSES mode needs to be used instead of the regular mode in clinical practice. This meta-review was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of MOSES technology for stone disease.

Kidney function may partially mediated the protective effect of urinary uromodulin on kidney stone.

The causal links between urinary uromodulin (uUMOD) and kidney stone disease (KSD) are still not clarified in general population. We assessed their relationships combining 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable (MVMR) designs among general population of European ancestry. The summary information for uUMOD indexed to creatinine levels (29,315 individuals) and KSD (395,044 individuals) were from 2 independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Are adrenergic α1- antagonists beneficial for the access of retrograde ureteral access sheath or semi-rigid ureteroscope access? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: To evaluate the clinical benefit of preoperative adrenergic α1-antagonist therapy in the management of upper urinary calculi.

Materials And Methods: Publications were searched for The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and MEDLINE until 1 March 2022 that related to the adrenergic α1- antagonist intake as adjunctive therapy before retrograde surgery. Dichotomous data were reported with risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and the continuous data were reported with mean difference (MD) with 95% CIs.

Surgical resection versus radiotherapy for clinical stage IA lung cancer ≤1 cm in size: A population-based study.

Objective: With the increasing incidence of stage IA lung cancer ≤1 cm in size, the optimal primary treatment remains to be controversial, and thus, we compared the survival of these patients treated with radiotherapy, wedge resection, segmentectomy, or lobectomy in a large population.

Methods: We identified patients with stage IA lung cancer ≤1 cm in size between 2004 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We compared the overall survival (OS) via Kaplan-Meier analysis and conducted Cox regression analysis via propensity score matching (PSM) method to identify the relative hazard ratio (HR) and difference of OS among these treatments in the subgroup stratified by four variables (age, total number of tumors, pathological grade, and histology).

Initial treatment of early-stage small-sized non-small cell lung cancer for octogenarians: a population-based study.

The objectives of this study is to figure out the appropriate initial treatment and criteria for clinical decision for early-stage small-sized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among octogenarians. Elderly patients (≥80 years) with stage I NSCLC (<3 cm) were identified between 2004 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Patients were divided into four cohorts regarding treatment modalities, and overall survival and cancer-specific survival were evaluated via Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard model.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases risk of erectile dysfunction independent of obesity and dyslipidemia: A Mendelian randomization study.

Background: The causal effects of individual risk factors of metabolic syndrome on erectile dysfunction (ED) are still unclear.

Objectives: To evaluate the causal effect of risk factors of metabolic syndrome on ED through Mendelian randomization (MR).

Materials And Methods: Data for risk factors were obtained from multiple databases with 173,082-757,601 individuals, and that for ED were collected from a genome-wide association study including 223,805 Europeans.

Causal Associations Between Educational Attainment and 14 Urological and Reproductive Health Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

The impact of educational attainment (EA) on multiple urological and reproductive health outcomes has been explored in observational studies. Here we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate whether EA has causal effects on 14 urological and reproductive health outcomes. We obtained summary statistics for EA and 14 urological and reproductive health outcomes from genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

A Comparison between Human and NLP-based Annotation of Clinical Trial Eligibility Criteria Text Using The OMOP Common Data Model.

Human annotations are the established gold standard for evaluating natural language processing (NLP) methods. The goals of this study are to quantify and qualify the disagreement between human and NLP. We developed an NLP system for annotating clinical trial eligibility criteria text and constructed a manually annotated corpus, both following the OMOP Common Data Model (CDM).

From clinical trials to clinical practice: How long are drugs tested and then used by patients?

Objective: Evidence is scarce regarding the safety of long-term drug use, especially for drugs treating chronic diseases. To bridge this knowledge gap, this research investigated the differences in drug exposure between clinical trials and clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: We extracted drug follow-up times from clinical trials in ClinicalTrials.

Coffee Consumption and Prostate Cancer Risk: Results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2010 and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.

The aim of this study was to examine the association between coffee and prostate cancer. Firstly, we conducted an observational study using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2010. Coffee intake was derived from 24 h dietary recalls.

Participation in Virtual Urology Conferences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study.

Background: Due to the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, conventional face-to-face academic conferences have been restricted, and many of these conferences have moved onto the internet.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the virtual conferences in the field of urology during the COVID-19 pandemic and provide suggestions for better organization of such conferences.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 30 to June 15, 2020, in China.

Efficacy and Safety of External Physical Vibration Lithecbole After Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy or Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery for Urinary Stone: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The current study evaluated the efficacy and safety of external physical vibration lithecbole (EPVL) after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for urolithiasis. Publicized literature was systematically searched from EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science up to February 2020.

A graph-based method for reconstructing entities from coordination ellipsis in medical text.

Objective: Coordination ellipsis is a linguistic phenomenon abound in medical text and is challenging for concept normalization because of difficulty in recognizing elliptical expressions referencing 2 or more entities accurately. To resolve this bottleneck, we aim to contribute a generalizable method to reconstruct concepts from medical coordinated elliptical expressions in a variety of biomedical corpora.

Materials And Methods: We proposed a graph-based representation model and built a pipeline to reconstruct concepts from coordinated elliptical expressions in medical text (RECEEM).

Postcardiac injury syndrome, peripheral hematoma of ascending aorta, and cerebral infarction after PCI: a case report.

Background: Postcardiac injury syndrome (PCIS) is an inflammatory response syndrome characterized by pericardial effusion with or without pleural effusion; however, serious PCIS with peripheral hematoma of the ascending aorta and acute cerebral infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have not been reported.

Case Presentation: This article reports a very rare case of a 40-year-old patient who developed acute pericardial and pleural effusions (both bloody), acute respiratory distress, peripheral hematoma of the ascending aorta, and acute cerebral infarction after PCI. The patient's ECG showed bow-back downward ST elevation in leads I, II, III, and V4-V6.

How Have Experimental Cancer Interventions Evolved over Time?

We performed a trends analysis of experimental cancer interventions. The complete records of 32,623 interventional neoplasm clinical trials involving 454 types of neoplasms from 2000 to 2017 were downloaded from the AACT database. The conditions and drug concepts were normalized using MetaMap.

Vibegron 50 mg is the optimal algorithm in the pharmacologic management of overactive bladder: outcomes from a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The efficacy and safety of vibegron, which is a novel β3-adrenoceptor agonist, need to be systematically evaluated in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) patients. This study aimed to assess, using meta-analytic methods, the efficacy and safety of vibegron for OAB compared with placebo or antimuscarinics, considering all available data from comparative studies.

Methods: A systematic search was performed on MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database to identify studies from their date of inception before 15 March 2020.

Risk Factors of Infectious Complications after Ureteroscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Adjusted Effect Estimate.

Multiple studies have reported that gender, pre-operative stent insertion, positive pre-operative urine culture results, and diabetes mellitus are associated with infectious complication after ureteroscopy. A previous meta-analysis focused on this topic is based, however, on crude estimate. Further analysis based on adjusted estimates is needed.