Response of the gut microbiota to changes in the nutritional status of red deer during winter.

Unravelling abrupt alterations in the gut microbiota of wild species associated with nutritional stress is imperative but challenging for wildlife conservation. This study assessed the nutritional status of wild red deer during winter on the basis of changes in faecal nitrogen (FN) and urea nitrogen/creatinine (UN: C) levels and identified gut microbes associated with nutritional status via nutritional control experiments and metagenomic sequencing. The FN of wild red deer in winter 2022 was significantly lower than that in winter 2021 (p < 0.

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) causes increased time of mechanical ventilation (MV), prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and a higher mortality risk. The systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacies between fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and general sputum suction for the prevention of VAP in patients with invasive MV.

Methodology: Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were obtained via a search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, and CNKI databases.

Association of critical hypoperfusion biomarkers on CT with futile recanalization and poor outcome after mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke.

Background And Purpose: We aimed to investigate the association between critical perfusion delay and poor outcome among recanalized stroke patients with anterior large-vessel occlusion, and to use pretreatment hypoperfusion biomarkers on CT to predict futile recanalization even after successful thrombectomy.

Methods: An ischemic region with time-to-maximum (Tmax) > 12s-10s was defined as critical hypoperfusion, Tmax > 8s as moderate hypoperfusion, and hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR, volumetric ratio of Tmax > 10s / Tmax > 6s) represented for severity of critical hypoperfusion and rCBF < 30% for ischemic core. The associations between these CT perfusion characteristics and favorable or unfavorable outcome (mRS 0-2 versus 3-6) were analyzed in univariable regression, and a multivariable model was then used to predict futile recanalization.

Integrated global proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of cisplatin-induced apoptosis in A549 cells.

Protein phosphorylation, a widely occurring and significant post-translational modification, is integral to various biological processes. We previously utilized a protein affinity probe to identify genes damaged by cisplatin, revealing that it inflicts substantial damage on protein kinase and protein phosphatase genes. In this study, we investigated cisplatin-induced alterations in the global proteome and phosphoproteome of A549 cells.

A Grafting Hydrogen-bonded Organic Framework for Benchmark Selectivity of CH/CO Separation under Ambient Conditions.

Reticular chemistry and pore engineering have garnered significant advancements in metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks, leveraging robust metal-coordination and covalent bonds. However, these achievements remain elusive in hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks, hindered by their inherent weakness in hydrogen bonding. Herein, we strategically manipulate the porosity of hydrogen-bonded frameworks through a grafting approach, culminating in the synthesis of two isomorphic HOFs, HOF-FJU-99 and HOF-FJU-100, with distinct pore environments.

administration ameliorates streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia and muscle atrophy by promoting IGF2 secretion from mouse intestine.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that can lead to severe diabetic complications. While the changes and correlations between gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of T1DM have been extensively studied, little is known about the benefits of interventions on gut bacterial communities, particularly using probiotics, for this disease. In the present study, we reported that the mice surviving after 5 months of streptozotocin (STZ) injection had reduced blood glucose level and recovered gut microbiota with increased proportion.

[Quality control of digestive tract reconstruction after robotic gastrectomy].

With features such as high-definition magnification of the surgical field, filtering of hand tremor, and robotic arm with multi-degree-of-freedom rotatable wrist, surgical robot has unique advantages in various aspects of digestive tract reconstruction (DTR) after robotic gastrectomy (RG). Currently, there is still controversy about the selection and standardized application of DTR after RG for gastric cancer. To standardize the selection and implementation of DTR, we describe various aspects of quality control before DTR, selection of indications, principles of DTR, and prevention and management of postoperative complications of DTR.

Application of tree cores to investigate the historical pollution trends of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic compounds: A case study in a typical coal-contaminated region of China.

In this study, 76 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) were detected in air, soil, and tree core samples from Huainan, a typical coal-contaminated region of China. Concentrations of ΣPACs in soil and air samples were 2400 ± 5100 ng/g and 150 ± 63 ng/m, respectively. Priority PAHs were predominant in both air and soil samples, contributing over 50 % of ΣPACs.

Development of membrane-targeting chalcone derivatives as antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

The striking rise of infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens has evolved as a serious threat to public health worldwide. To develop new antibacterials to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria, a novel class of amphiphilic chalcone derivatives serving as antimicrobial peptidomimetics was designed and synthesized. Among them, the most promising compound 14b displayed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive bacteria (MICs = 0.

Targeting autophagy in urological system cancers: From underlying mechanisms to therapeutic implications.

The urological system, including kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra and prostate is known to be vital for blood filtration, waste elimination and electrolyte balance. Notably, urological system cancers represent a significant portion of global cancer diagnoses and mortalities. The current therapeutic strategies for early-stage cancer primarily involve resection surgery, which significantly affects the quality of life of patients, whereas advanced-stage cancer often relies on less effective chemo- or radiotherapy.

Biomedical relation extraction method based on ensemble learning and attention mechanism.

Background: Relation extraction (RE) plays a crucial role in biomedical research as it is essential for uncovering complex semantic relationships between entities in textual data. Given the significance of RE in biomedical informatics and the increasing volume of literature, there is an urgent need for advanced computational models capable of accurately and efficiently extracting these relationships on a large scale.

Results: This paper proposes a novel approach, SARE, combining ensemble learning Stacking and attention mechanisms to enhance the performance of biomedical relation extraction.

The effect of clozapine on immune-related biomarkers in schizophrenia patients.

Globally, schizophrenia is one of the main causes of disability. Approximately 1 % of the general population suffers from schizophrenia, and 30 % of cases are unresponsive to therapy. Clozapine is the gold standard for therapy-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), yet it has limited effectiveness and serious adverse events in some patients.

Substantial trace metal input from the 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption into the South Pacific.

The January 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcano discharged 2,900 teragrams of ejecta, most of which was deposited in the South Pacific Ocean. Here we investigate its impact on the biogeochemistry of the South Pacific Gyre (SPG) using samples collected during the GEOTRACES cruise GP21 in February-April 2022. Surface water neodymium isotopes and rare earth element compositions showed a marked volcanic impact in the western SPG, potentially extending to the eastern region.

p-phenylenediamines (PPDs) and PPD-quinones (PPD-Qs) in human urine and breast milk samples: Urgent need for focus on PPD-Qs and the establishment of health threshold criteria.

PPDs and their oxidation products, PPD-Qs, are emerging environmental contaminants arising from the addition and oxidation of rubber products. Although numerous studies have been conducted to elucidate their risks, the primary focus has been on 6PPD and 6PPD-Q, with limited attention given to other PPDs and especially other PPD-Qs. This study comprehensively examines the occurrences of frequently used PPDs and their degradation products, PPD-Qs, in human urine and breast milk samples.

Room-temperature non-volatile optical manipulation of polar order in a charge density wave.

Utilizing ultrafast light-matter interaction to manipulate electronic states of quantum materials is an emerging area of research in condensed matter physics. It has significant implications for the development of future ultrafast electronic devices. However, the ability to induce long-lasting metastable electronic states in a fully reversible manner is a long-standing challenge.

Synergistic Tuning of Heterovalent States and Oxygen-Vacancy Defect Engineering in Hydrophilic W-Doped SbOS for Enhanced Nitrogen Photoreduction to Ammonia.

Nitrogen fixation reaction via photocatalysis offers a green and promising strategy for renewable NH synthesis, and catalysts with high-efficiency photocatalytic properties are essential to the process. Herein, we demonstrate a W-doped SbOS bimetal oxysulfide catalyst (labeled as SbWOS) with abundant oxygen vacancies, heterovalent metal states, and hydrophilic surfaces for nitrogen photoreduction to ammonia. The SbWOS-3 with suitable W-doping exhibited excellent nitrogen fixation activity of 408.

Investigating the complex relationship and influencing factors of frailty on nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Introduction: Given the high prevalence and significant challenges of frailty, a state of increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate its prevalence and explore its association with nutritional status and other relevant factors.

Methods: The study involved 290 MHD patients with an average age of 52.98 ± 13.

Pinpointing Novel Plasma and Brain Proteins for Common Ocular Diseases: A Comprehensive Cross-Omics Integration Analysis.

The pathogenesis of ocular diseases (ODs) remains unclear, although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous associated genetic risk loci. We integrated protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) datasets and five large-scale GWAS summary statistics of ODs under a cutting-edge systematic analytic framework. Proteome-wide association studies (PWAS) identified plasma and brain proteins associated with ODs, and 11 plasma proteins were identified by Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization (COLOC) analyses as being potentially causally associated with ODs.

Dopamine-supported HPLC post-column derivatization to fluorescence: Simultaneous and sensitive detection of eight tea polyphenols.

The effective differentiation and detection of multiple tea polyphenols are often challenging due to their subtle structural similarities. Although post-column derivatization HPLC strategies are commonly employed to distinguish multiple targets, the short physical distance between chromatographic column and detector limits reaction time, thereby reducing the derivatization efficiency. Dopamine (DA) reacts rapidly with resorcinol to form fluorescent azamonardine products, making fast fluorometric derivatization of tea polyphenols containing resorcinol motifs possible.

Influences of climatic variation and human activities on vegetation photosynthesis dynamics in Southwest China.

Photosynthesis is a direct route for carbon sequestration in vegetation, and is influenced by climatic variation (CV) and human activities (HA). Therefore, a quantitative assessment of their influence on vegetation photosynthesis dynamics is pivotal for formulating effective carbon neutrality strategies. Herein, based on the solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence index (SIF), which reflects the vegetation photosynthesis intensity, and TerraClimate meteorological data, we refined the residual trend approach by incorporating more climatic variables and their time effects on vegetation to assess the influences of CV and HA on SIF dynamics in Southwest China.

Digitally generated high-resolution mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy system based on electro-optic modulation.

In this Letter, we propose a high-resolution dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) in the mid-infrared (MIR) region. A broadband electro-optic frequency comb (EOFC) with a line spacing of 13 GHz is generated in the near-infrared region. The injection locking technique is employed to lock the distributed feedback (DFB) laser to each comb line of the 34 comb lines as the seed laser for the subsequent electro-optic modulation.