Incidence of Congenital Posterior Arch Defects of the Atlas in Chinese Population.

Objective: To study the incidence of congenital posterior arch defects of the atlas and in combination with other congenital variations in the Chinese population.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1405 images of cervical 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) and 1284 images of head and cervical 3-dimensional computed tomography angiography (3D CTA), including images of 1539 male and 1150 female individuals. These images of cervical 3D CT and head and cervical 3D CTA were obtained in the Department of Radiology of 2 hospitals, Second and Third People's Hospital of Jingzhou, China, from January 2020 to October 2023.

Chromone-deferiprone hybrids as novel MAO-B inhibitors and iron chelators for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

A series of chromone-deferiprone hybrids were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as inhibitors of human monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) with iron-chelating activity for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The majority exhibited moderate inhibitory activity towards MAO-B and potent iron-chelating properties. Particularly, compound 25c demonstrated remarkable selectivity against MAO-B with an IC value of 1.

Discovery of novel benzimidazole derivatives as selective and reversible monoamine oxidase B inhibitors for Parkinson's disease treatment.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The development of novel scaffolds for human monoamine oxidase B (hMAO-B) inhibitors with reversible properties represents an important strategy to improve the efficacy and safety for PD treatment. In the current work, we have devised and assessed two innovative derivative series serving as hMAO-B inhibitors.

Discovery of the covalent SARS-CoV-2 M inhibitors from antiviral herbs via integrating target-based high-throughput screening and chemoproteomic approaches.

The main proteases (M ) are highly conserved cysteine-rich proteins that can be covalently modified by numerous natural and synthetic compounds. Herein, we constructed an integrative approach to efficiently discover covalent inhibitors of M from complex herbal matrices. This work begins with biological screening of 60 clinically used antiviral herbal medicines, among which Lonicera japonica Flos (LJF) demonstrated the strongest anti-M effect (IC  = 37.

Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed the response mechanism of pepper roots to Phytophthora capsici infection.

Background: Phytophthora root rot caused by the oomycete Phytophthora capsici is the most devastating disease in pepper production worldwide, and current management strategies have not been effective in preventing this disease. Therefore, the use of resistant varieties was regarded as an important part of disease management of P. capsici.

Chemical profiling and mechanistic studies of Zhi-Shang-Feng granules against influenza virus by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q exactive focus hybrid quadrupole orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry in combination with network pharmacology analysis.

Zhi-Shang-Feng Granules are used in the clinical treatment of influenza to relieve headaches, chills and fever, bronchitis, nasal congestion, neuralgia and other symptoms. To decipher the components responsible for therapeutic effects of Zhi-Shang-Feng g ranules against influenza virus, an analytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q exactive focus hybrid quadrupole orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry was developed and the chemical profile of Zhi-Shang-Feng granules was characterized. Then, the identified components were used to conduct network pharmacological analysis and determine the potential mechanism of Zhi-Shang-Feng Granules.

Preparation, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of chitosan oligosaccharide-hydroxypyridinone conjugates.

Two novel chitosan oligosaccharide (COS)-hydroxypyridone (HPO) conjugates were prepared by reacting chitosan oligosaccharide with 2-chloromethyl-5-hydroxypyridone (HPO), which was synthesized by a series of reactions starting from kojic acid. The degree of substitution of COS-HPO2 reached 1.2, with a yield of 74.

A novel chitosan oligosaccharide derivative: Synthesis, antioxidant and antibacterial properties.

A novel thioether chitosan oligosaccharide (COS-All-Tio) was prepared by the reaction of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) with 3-bromopropene, followed by the coupling with tiopronin (Tio) using a thiol-ene reaction. The degree of substitution of COS-All-Tio reached 1.48.

Design and synthesis of novel stilbene-hydroxypyridinone hybrids as tyrosinase inhibitors and their application in the anti-browning of freshly-cut apples.

In order to develop the tyrosinase inhibitors with potential application in food industry, a series of stilbene-hydroxypyridinone hybrids were prepared. Among these compounds, 1h was found to possess the most potent tyrosinase inhibitory effect on both monophenolase and diphenolase activities, with IC values of 2.72 μM and 15.

Design and fabrication of an integrated 3D dynamic multicellular liver-on-a-chip and its application in hepatotoxicity screening.

Nowadays, major methods of in vitro hepatotoxicity research are still based on traditional static two- or three-dimensional cell culture, although these means could investigate some toxic chemicals induced hepatotoxicity, but most of these toxicities failed to reappear in human, at least not in similar or calculable dose level. These failures may cause by the monoculture of only hepatocytes, ignored the signal communication to other non-parenchymal cells in liver tissue, also other complex microenvironment such as endothelial barrier, shear stress and other factors which were really existed in vivo but absent here, final leading to a low reliability of experimental results. In this study, a three-dimensional dynamic multi-cellular liver-on-a-chip device (3D-DMLoC) was developed to reproduce the microenvironment of in vivo liver tissue, including the simulation of hepatic sinusoid, perisinusoidal space and continuous liquid perfusion, hepatocytes could gather to some 3D cell spheroids in this chip.

Antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity of a novel stilbene analogue as an anti-browning agent.

Background: Tyrosinase inhibitors find potential application in food, cosmetic and medicinal products, but most of the identified tyrosinase inhibitors are not suitable for practical use because of safety regulations or other problems. For the purpose of development of novel tyrosinase inhibitors that meet the requirement for practical application, a novel stilbene analogue (SA) was designed.

Results: SA was found to possess a potent inhibitory effect against both mono- and diphenolase activities of mushroom tyrosinase, with IC values of 1.

Clemastine Ameliorates Myelin Deficits Preventing Senescence of Oligodendrocytes Precursor Cells in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mouse.

Disrupted myelin and impaired myelin repair have been observed in the brains of patients and various mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clemastine, an H1-antihistamine, shows the capability to induce oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation and myelin formation under different neuropathological conditions featuring demyelination the antagonism of M1 muscarinic receptor. In this study, we investigated if aged APPSwe/PS1dE9 mice, a model of AD, can benefit from chronic clemastine treatment.

Degraded polysaccharides from Porphyra haitanensis: purification, physico-chemical properties, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities.

To explore effect of the structural properties of porphyra haitanensis polysaccharide on its biological activity, degraded porphyra polysaccharides were separated and purified by Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, obtaining three purified components (P1, P2 and P3). All the three components were sulfate polysaccharides containing the repeating units of → 3) β-D-galactose (1 → 4) 3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactose (1 →, and → 3) β-D-galactose (1 → 4) α-L-galactose-6-S (1 →, and → 3) 6-O-methyl-β-D-galactose (1 → 4) 3,6-anhydro-α-L-galactose (1 →. The molecular weight of the three fractions was measured to be 300.

A multi-channel collagen scaffold loaded with neural stem cells for the repair of spinal cord injury.

Collagen scaffolds possess a three-dimensional porous structure that provides sufficient space for cell growth and proliferation, the passage of nutrients and oxygen, and the discharge of metabolites. In this study, a porous collagen scaffold with axially-aligned luminal conduits was prepared. In vitro biocompatibility analysis of the collagen scaffold revealed that it enhances the activity of neural stem cells and promotes cell extension, without affecting cell differentiation.

A single-cell survey of the human glomerulonephritis.

Glomerulonephritis is the one of the major causes of the end-stage kidney disease, whereas the pathological process of glomerulonephritis is still not completely understood. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) emerges to be a powerful tool to evaluate the full heterogeneity of kidney diseases. To reveal cellular gene expression profiles of glomerulonephritis, we performed scRNA-seq of 2 human kidney transplantation donor samples, 4 human glomerulonephritis samples, 1 human malignant hypertension (MH) sample and 1 human chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN) sample, all tissues were taken from the biopsy.

Purification, structural characterization, and biological activities of degraded polysaccharides from Porphyra yezoensis.

The degraded polysaccharides from Porphyra yezoensis (DPPY) prepared using the H O -Vc method under optimized conditions were isolated and purified by DEAE Cellulose-52, and Sephadex G-100, providing four pure components, namely, DPPY-0, DPPY-0.1, DPPY-0.3, and DPPY-0.

Dynamic changes in the systemic immune responses of spinal cord injury model mice.

Intraspinal inflammatory and immune responses are considered to play central roles in the pathological development of spinal cord injury. This study aimed to decipher the dynamics of systemic immune responses, initiated by spinal cord injury. The spinal cord in mice was completely transected at T8.

Functionality study of chalcone-hydroxypyridinone hybrids as tyrosinase inhibitors and influence on anti-tyrosinase activity.

In an attempt to synthesise new tyrosinase inhibitors, we designed and synthesised a series of chalcone-hydroxypyridinone hybrids as potential tyrosinase inhibitors adopting strategic modifications of kojic acid. All the newly synthesised compounds were characterised by NMR and mass spectrometry. Initial screening of the target compounds demonstrated that compounds , , and had relatively strong inhibitory activities against tyrosinase monophenolase, with IC values of 3.

Effect of enzymatic degraded polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera on the physical and oxidative stability of fish oil-in-water emulsions.

To explore the potential application of enzymatic degraded polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifra (EEP) as antioxidant in fish oils, a stable fish oil emulsion system incorporating EEP was established. Effects of emulsifier (Tween 80, gum arabic and lecithin) and EEP concentration on the physical characteristics of fish oil emulsions were investigated. The results indicated that Tween 80 was the best choice, and 1% (w/w) of EEP was the optimum concentration for the preparation of fish oil emulsions.

Inhibition of Bcl6b promotes gastric cancer by amplifying inflammation in mice.

Background: Chronic gastritis has been demonstrated to be a key cause of gastric cancer (GC), and control of gastric inflammation is regarded as an effective treatment for the clinical prevention of gastric carcinogenesis. However, there remains an unmet need to identify the dominant regulators of gastric oncogenesis-associated inflammation in vivo.

Methods: The mouse model for the study of inflammation-associated GC was induced by Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) intragastric administration in Bcl6b and wildtype mice on a C57BL/6 background.

[Ammonia volatilization and nitrogen use efficiency in the field of fresh edible maize as affec-ted by different band fertilization depths of controlled-release urea].

A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of controlled-release urea (CRU) application on ammonia (NH) volatilization, nitrogen (N) use efficiency and fresh ear yield of fresh edible maize. The treatments included one control (CK: no N fertilizer application) and four different band fertilization depths (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm). Results showed that NH volatilization from non-fertilization band and planting band mainly occurred in the first two weeks after the fertilization, which lasted for almost a month in the fertilization band.