Machine Learning: Using Xception, a Deep Convolutional Neural Network Architecture, to Implement Pectus Excavatum Diagnostic Tool from Frontal-View Chest X-rays.

Pectus excavatum (PE), a chest-wall deformity that can compromise cardiopulmonary function, cannot be detected by a radiologist through frontal chest radiography without a lateral view or chest computed tomography. This study aims to train a convolutional neural network (CNN), a deep learning architecture with powerful image processing ability, for PE screening through frontal chest radiography, which is the most common imaging test in current hospital practice. Posteroanterior-view chest images of PE and normal patients were collected from our hospital to build the database.

A retrospective study on the impact of bar flipping on the recurrence of pectus excavatum after the Nuss procedure.

Background: The Nuss procedure is widely used to correct pectus excavatum. Bar displacement is a common complication associated with this procedure. How the flipping of the bar affects pectus excavatum recurrence has not been reported.

Improving segmentation accuracy of CT kidney cancer images using adaptive active contour model.

In the present study, we retrospectively analyzed the records of surgical confirmed kidney cancer with renal cell carcinoma pathology in the database of the hospital. We evaluated the significance of cancer size by assessing the outcomes of proposed adaptive active contour model (ACM). The aim of our study was to develop an adaptive ACM method to measure the radiological size of kidney cancer on computed tomography in the hospital patients.

Differential diagnosis of atypical encephalopathy in critical care: a case report.

Background: A lower level of consciousness is a common presentation in critical care, with many different causes and contributory factors, of which more than one may be present concurrently.

Case Presentation: We described a woman with poorly controlled diabetes and steroid-dependent asthma who presented in a deep coma. She was found to have Streptococcus intermedius bacteremia and pyogenic ventriculitis that originated from right middle lobe pneumonia.

The neural generators of the mismatch responses to Mandarin lexical tones: an MEG study.

The present magnetoencephalography study used the cortically constrained minimum-norm estimates of human brain activity to elucidate functional roles of neural generators for detecting different magnitudes of lexical tones changes. A multiple-deviant oddball paradigm was used in which the syllable "yi" with a low-dipping tone (T3) was the common standard sound and the same syllable with a high-level tone (T1) or a high-rising tone (T2) were the large and small deviant sounds, respectively. The data revealed a larger magnetic mismatch field (MMNm) for large deviant in the left hemisphere.

Surgical Treatment of Castleman Disease Using Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Unlabelled: Castleman disease is a rare benign lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology. A 29-year-old woman presented with intermittent chest pain for 2 years. Upon examination, computed tomography showed an intensely enhanced solid mass that encased her right pulmonary artery.

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis with seed definition constrained by regional homogeneity.

Researchers have recently focused their attention on the intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) in the brain using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Seed-based correlation analysis (SCAC), which correlates a predefined seed region with other voxels in the brain, is a common index for FC. However, definition of seed sizes and locations was ambiguous in previous studies and this may lead to spurious results for people with a unique functional anatomy.

A subtle grey-matter increase in first-episode, drug-naive major depressive disorder with panic disorder after 6 weeks' duloxetine therapy.

We designed this study to investigate the modulating effects of duloxetine on symptoms and grey matter of patients with major depressive disorder combined with panic disorder. We also aimed to discover if there was any persistence of grey-matter deficits after remission and to find 'trait markers' for this comorbidity. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometric measurements were performed on 15 patients at baseline and remitted status (week 6) compared to 15 healthy control subjects who were scanned twice within 6 wk.

Breathhold-regulated blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) MRI of human brain at 3 tesla.

Purpose: To investigate the cerebrovascular response to repeated breathhold challenges using blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) MRI at 3T and compare the results with previous data at 1.5T.

Materials And Methods: Six normal volunteers and six patients with brain tumors were recruited for this 3T study.

Vessel size imaging using dual contrast agent injections.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of a vessel size imaging (VSI) technique with separate contrast agent injections for evaluation of the vessel caliber in normal tissues and in brain tumors.

Materials And Methods: Computer simulation was first performed to assess the potential errors in the estimation of vessel caliber that could result from time shifts between the dual contrast agent injections. Eight patients (four female, four male, 37-77 years old) with brain tumors (three high-grade gliomas, two low-grade gliomas, and three meningiomas) were recruited for clinical study.

False-positive analysis of functional MRI during simulated deep brain stimulation: a phantom study.

Purpose: To investigate the false-positive activations/deactivations in functional MRI (fMRI) of deep brain stimulation (DBS) using a phantom.

Materials And Methods: fMRI experiments were performed on a 1.5T scanner using a single-shot gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (GE-EPI) sequence (TR/TE/FA = 6000 msec/60 msec/90 degrees ) on an agar-gel phantom inserted with DBS electrodes.

Expertise modulates the perception of pain in others.

Perceiving the pain of others activates a large part of the pain matrix in the observer [1]. Because this shared neural representation can lead to empathy or personal distress [2, 3], regulatory mechanisms must operate in people who inflict painful procedures in their practice with patient populations in order to prevent their distress from impairing their ability to be of assistance. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging MRI study, physicians who practice acupuncture were compared to naive participants while observing animated visual stimuli depicting needles being inserted into different body parts, including the mouth region, hands, and feet.

A man in his mid-70s with a sellar mass.

Metastatic melanoma to a pituitary oncocytoma is a very rare condition. A 76-year-old man was presented with progressive visual disturbance and falling down with initial loss of consciousness 2 days before admission. He had a subungual acral lentiginous melanoma (T3N1M0) with gangrenous change of left big toe, treated by amputation 15 months ago.

Functional MRI of conventional and anomalous metaphors in Mandarin Chinese.

This study looks at whether conventional and anomalous metaphors are processed in different locations in the brain while being read when compared with a literal condition in Mandarin Chinese. We find that conventional metaphors differ from the literal condition with a slight amount of increased activation in the right inferior temporal gyrus. In addition, when the anomalous metaphor condition is compared with the literal condition, increased activation occurs bilaterally in the frontal and temporal gyri.

Diagnosis of malpositioned chest tubes after emergency tube thoracostomy: is computed tomography more accurate than chest radiograph?

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy between computed tomography (CT) and frontal chest radiography in the diagnosis of malpositioned chest tubes (MCT).

Materials And Methods: CT scans positive for MCT between March 2000 and March 2004 were reviewed. Two radiologists assessed for intra- and extrathoracic locations of MCT in CT studies.

Right ventricular dysfunction secondary to acute massive pulmonary embolism detected by helical computed tomography pulmonary angiography.

Objective: Acute massive pulmonary embolism causes abrupt pulmonary arterial hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction (RVD). Patients with RVD have a worse prognosis than those with normal right ventricular function. Consequently, recognizing the RVD at the time of pulmonary embolism is useful for risk stratification and enables more aggressive therapy.

Inadvertent embolization of a persistent sciatic artery in pelvis trauma.

We describe a case of unilateral persistent sciatic artery (PSA), a rare vascular anomaly, in a 43-year-old woman with severe multiple trauma. A small amount of diluted embolization particles went into this vessel during emergent endovascular therapy under fluoroscopic monitoring. The procedure was immediately stopped when the true nature of the anatomic variant was recognized.

Deep venous thrombosis: comparison of indirect multidetector CT venography and sonography of lower extremities in 26 patients.

Objective: To compare the accuracy of indirect mutidetector row computed tomographic (MDCT) venography with lower extremity venous sonography for the diagnosis of femoropopliteal deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and to determine the frequency and location of DVT at MDCT venography.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-six consecutive patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism (PE) underwent both combined MDCT venography and MDCT pulmonary angiography and lower extremity venous sonography. Indirect MDCT venography was acquired from the upper calves to the mid-abdomen following MDCT pulmonary angiography.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of cerebral gliomas: correlation of metabolite ratios with histopathologic grading.

Background: Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) can provide spatially encoded metabolite information and improve tissue specificity in human brains. The major goal of this study was to evaluate the correlation of metabolite ratios measured by MRSI with histopathological grading of cerebral gliomas.

Methods: Twenty-seven patients with cerebral gliomas were referred consecutively for pre-surgical evaluation.

Combined computed tomography venography and pulmonary angiography for the diagnosis PE and DVT in the ED.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of combined computed tomography venography and pulmonary angiography (CTVPA) in the diagnosis of venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease in the emergency department (ED). CTVPA images and clinical data of 73 nonselected patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) and/or deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were retrospectively assessed. CTVPA correctly identified 33 of 34 patients with VTE disease, including 7 patients with PE alone, 11 patients with DVT alone, and 16 patients with both PE and DVT.