Diagnosis of Anal Cancer: Symptoms, Imaging, and Endoscopy.

Anal cancer is an uncommon disease in a sensitive region of the body that benefits from early and systematic workup and treatment. Main modalities for workup include history, physical examination, and MRI. PET scan and computed tomography scan are helpful in assessing spread of disease.

Correction: Moderate aerobic exercise, but not anticipation of exercise, improves cognitive control.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Patients in isolation, their physical, environmental and mental health: An exploratory study.

Background: Strict patient isolation in hospital is associated with adverse health outcomes. However, there is a lack of high-quality evidence for effective interventions to improve safety and quality of care for these patients.

Aims: To identify patient reported areas for improvement in the care of patients in hospital isolation and to determine the feasibility of collecting patient reported outcomes using validated tools.

Prehospital Assaults Against Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders During COVID-19.

Introduction: Anti-Asian sentiment increased when the SARS-CoV-2 virus reached the United States in 2020. Trends in national assaults occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) community were evaluated.

Methods: Patients treated for assaults by emergency medical services between January 2019 and December 2021 were extracted from ImageTrend Collaborate, a national database.

Sex-dependent placental methylation quantitative trait loci provide insight into the prenatal origins of childhood onset traits and conditions.

Molecular quantitative trait loci (QTLs) allow us to understand the biology captured in genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The placenta regulates fetal development and shows sex differences in DNA methylation. We therefore hypothesized that placental methylation QTL (mQTL) explain variation in genetic risk for childhood onset traits, and that effects differ by sex.

Impact of Measurement Noise on Genetic Association Studies of Cardiac Function.

Recent research has effectively used quantitative traits from imaging to boost the capabilities of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), providing further understanding of disease biology and various traits. However, it's important to note that phenotyping inherently carries measurement error and noise that could influence subsequent genetic analyses. The study focused on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), a vital yet potentially inaccurate quantitative measurement, to investigate how imprecision in phenotype measurement affects genetic studies.

Radiographic cervical spine injury patterns in admitted blunt trauma patients with and without prehospital spinal motion restriction.

Objectives: Selective prehospital cervical spine motion restriction (C-SMR) following blunt trauma has increasingly been used by emergency medical service (EMS) providers. We determined rates of prehospital C-SMR and concomitant radiographic injury patterns.

Methods: A retrospective trauma registry and chart review was conducted for all adult blunt trauma patients who were transported by EMS and hospitalized with radiographic cervical spine injuries from 2011 to 2019 at a level 1 trauma center.

Acute Appendicitis in the Epicenter of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A New York City Single-Center Experience.

Background: Appendectomy is the gold standard for simple appendicitis. During the coronavirus-19 pandemic, it was estimated that appendectomies in the United States decreased by 24%. We aimed to describe trends in acute appendicitis management at a center located in one of the largest epicenters of the pandemic.

The application of epiphenotyping approaches to DNA methylation array studies of the human placenta.

Background: Genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAme) profiling of the placenta with Illumina Infinium Methylation bead arrays is often used to explore the connections between in utero exposures, placental pathology, and fetal development. However, many technical and biological factors can lead to signals of DNAme variation between samples and between cohorts, and understanding and accounting for these factors is essential to ensure meaningful and replicable data analysis. Recently, "epiphenotyping" approaches have been developed whereby DNAme data can be used to impute information about phenotypic variables such as gestational age, sex, cell composition, and ancestry.

eoPred: predicting the placental phenotype of early-onset preeclampsia using public DNA methylation data.

A growing body of literature has reported molecular and histological changes in the human placenta in association with preeclampsia (PE). Placental DNA methylation (DNAme) and transcriptomic patterns have revealed molecular subgroups of PE that are associated with placental histopathology and clinical phenotypes of the disease. However, the clinical and molecular heterogeneity of PE both across and within subtypes complicates the study of this disease.

Genetic lineage tracing in skin reveals predominant expression of HEY2 in dermal papilla during telogen and that HEY2 cells contribute to the regeneration of dermal cells during wound healing.

Dermal papilla (DP) cells are specialized mesenchymal cells that play a crucial role in regulating hair morphology, colour and growth through the secretion of specific factors. It is still unclear what the source of progenitor cells is for dermal cell regeneration during wound healing, and whether DP cells are involved in this process. We analyzed the gene expression profile of various skin cell populations using existing datasets and found that the Hey2 gene was predominantly expressed in DP cells.

Sensitive Quantitative In Vivo Assay for Evaluating the Effects of Biomolecules on Hair Growth and Coloring Using Direct Microinjections into Mouse Whisker Follicles.

Many people suffer from hair loss and abnormal skin pigmentation, highlighting the need for simple assays to support drug discovery research. Current assays have various limitations, such as being in vitro only, not sensitive enough, or unquantifiable. We took advantage of the bilateral symmetry and large size of mouse whisker follicles to develop a novel in vivo assay called "whisker follicle microinjection assay".

The application of epiphenotyping approaches to DNA methylation array studies of the human placenta.

: Genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAme) profiling of the placenta with Illumina Infinium Methylation bead arrays is often used to explore the connections between exposures, placental pathology, and fetal development. However, many technical and biological factors can lead to signals of DNAme variation between samples and between cohorts, and understanding and accounting for these factors is essential to ensure meaningful and replicable data analysis. Recently, "epiphenotyping" approaches have been developed whereby DNAme data can be used to impute information about phenotypic variables such as gestational age, sex, cell composition, and ancestry.

Investigating the hemodynamics of Berlin Heart EXCOR support in Norwood patients across diverse clinical scenarios with computational modeling.

Background: Infants with single-ventricle (SV) physiology undergo the 3-stage Fontan surgery. Norwood patients, who have completed the first stage, face the highest interstage mortality. The Berlin Heart EXCOR (BH), a pediatric pulsatile ventricular assist device, has shown promise in supporting these patients.

Deep learning-enabled analysis of medical images identifies cardiac sphericity as an early marker of cardiomyopathy and related outcomes.

Background: Quantification of chamber size and systolic function is a fundamental component of cardiac imaging. However, the human heart is a complex structure with significant uncharacterized phenotypic variation beyond traditional metrics of size and function. Examining variation in cardiac shape can add to our ability to understand cardiovascular risk and pathophysiology.

Impact of Measurement Imprecision on Genetic Association Studies of Cardiac Function.

Background: Recent studies have leveraged quantitative traits from imaging to amplify the power of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to gain further insights into the biology of diseases and traits. However, measurement imprecision is intrinsic to phenotyping and can impact downstream genetic analyses.

Methods: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), an important but imprecise quantitative imaging measurement, was examined to assess the impact of precision of phenotype measurement on genetic studies.

Analysis of commonly expressed genes between first trimester fetal heart and placenta cell types in the context of congenital heart disease.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is often associated with fetal growth abnormalities. During the first trimester of pregnancy, the heart and placenta develop concurrently, and share key developmental pathways. It is hypothesized that defective morphogenesis of either organ is synergistically linked.

The impact of physician-directed and patient-directed education on screening, diagnosis, treatment, and referral patterns for urinary incontinence.

Introduction And Hypothesis: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of patient- and physician-directed education in the primary care setting on screening, diagnosis, treatment, and referral patterns to Urogynecology for urinary incontinence (UI).

Methods: This was a prospective, multi-phase, before-and-after study conducted over a 3-year period. New female patients, 40 years and older, seen in the Internal Medicine (IM) clinic of our institution, were included.

A Mechanistic Lumped Parameter Model of the Berlin Heart EXCOR to Analyze Device Performance and Physiologic Interactions.

Purpose: The Berlin Heart EXCOR (BH) is the only FDA-approved, extracorporeal pulsatile ventricular assist device (VAD) for infants and children with heart failure. Clinicians control four settings on the device-systolic and diastolic drive pressures, device pump rate, and systolic time as a percentage of the pump cycle. However, interactions between BH pneumatics and the native circulation remain poorly understood.

Appropriateness of transthoracic echocardiography in preoperative elective joint arthroplasty patients.

Elective joint arthroplasty is a commonly performed procedure with postoperative cardiovascular complications occurring in up to 3% of elderly patients. Preoperative cardiac evaluation, including transthoracic echocardiography, may improve risk stratification and optimise perioperative outcomes in patients having non-cardiac surgery.This study aimed to investigate the frequency, indications, appropriateness and consequences of preoperative transthoracic echocardiography in elective joint arthroplasty patients.