Nanomotors as Therapeutic Agents: Advancing Treatment Strategies for Inflammation-Related Diseases.

Inflammation is a physiological response of the body to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, involving a series of cellular and molecular events. It is associated with various diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and atherosclerosis, and is a leading cause of global mortality. Key inflammatory factors, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), RANTES (CCL5), and prostaglandins, play central roles in inflammation and disease progression.

Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Mediated Cell Death for Cancer Therapy.

Nanomedicine has shown great anticancer potential by disrupting redox homeostasis and increasing the levels of oxidative stress, but the therapeutic effect is limited by factors including the intrinsic self-protection mechanism of tumors. Cancer cell death can be induced by the exploration of different cell death mechanisms, such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, cuproptosis, and ferroptosis. The merging of nanotechnology with biomedicine has provided tremendous opportunities to construct cell death-based nanomedicine for innovative cancer therapy.

Au@Pd nanozyme-mediated catalytic therapy: a novel strategy for targeting tumor microenvironment in cancer treatment.

Background: Breast cancer, with its high morbidity and mortality rates, is a significant global health burden. Traditional treatments-surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy-are widely used but come with drawbacks such as recurrence, metastasis, and significant side effects, including damage to healthy tissues. To address these limitations, new therapeutic strategies are being developed.

Intragraft memory-like CD127hiCD4+Foxp3+ Tregs maintain transplant tolerance.

CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role in suppressing transplant rejection, but their role within the graft and heterogeneity in tolerance are poorly understood. Here, we compared phenotypic and transcriptomic characteristics of Treg populations within lymphoid organs and grafts in an islet xenotransplant model of tolerance. We showed Tregs were essential for tolerance induction and maintenance.

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells are protective against hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury.

Background And Aims: Although type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were originally found to be liver-resident lymphocytes, the role and importance of ILC2 in liver injury remains poorly understood. In the current study, we sought to determine whether ILC2 is an important regulator of hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI).

Methods: ILC2-deficient mice (ICOS-T or NSG) and genetically modified ILC2s were used to investigate the role of ILC2s in murine hepatic IRI.

Interleukin-33 Exacerbates IgA Glomerulonephritis in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing B Cell Activating Factor.

Background: The cytokine IL-33 is an activator of innate lymphoid cells 2 (ILC2s) in innate immunity and allergic inflammation. B cell activating factor (BAFF) plays a central role in B cell proliferation and differentiation, and high levels of this protein cause excess antibody production, including IgA. BAFF-transgenic mice overexpress BAFF and spontaneously develop glomerulonephritis that resembles human IgA nephropathy.

Evaluation of chemical similarity among rhizome, pseudo stem and leaf of Musa basjoo by UPLC-ELSD fingerprint combined with chemo metrics methods.

Rhizoma Musa (the Rhizome of Musa basjoo Sied.et Zucc.) is used as a traditional medical herb of Miao nationality in Guizhou province, in China.

Antigen Specific Regulatory T Cells in Kidney Transplantation and Other Tolerance Settings.

Kidney transplantation is the most common solid organ transplant and the best current therapy for end-stage kidney failure. However, with standard immunosuppression, most transplants develop chronic dysfunction or fail, much of which is due to chronic immune injury. Tregs are a subset of T cells involved in limiting immune activation and preventing autoimmune disease.

Conventional Type 1 Dendritic Cells (cDC1) in Human Kidney Diseases: Clinico-Pathological Correlations.

Background: cDC1 is a subset of conventional DCs, whose most recognized function is cross-presentation to CD8 T cells. We conducted this study to investigate the number and location of cDC1s in various human kidney diseases as well as their correlation with clinico-pathological features and CD8 T cells.

Methods: We analyzed 135 kidney biopsies samples.

An 8-year retrospective survey of assessment in postgraduate dental training in complicated tooth extraction competency.

Background/purpose: Direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) has been increasingly used in health education in recent years. This study evaluated the effect of education and trainees' perception of assessment on the clinical skills of postgraduate dental trainees in complicated tooth extraction.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted as a retrospective survey among postgraduate dental trainees learning complicated tooth extraction in Taipei and Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from 2012 to 2019.

Comparison of 4 sinus augmentation techniques for implant placement with residual alveolar bone height ≤3 mm.

This study compared implant outcomes following maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) in edentulous patients with a residual alveolar bone height ≤3 mm. Four techniques were evaluated: 1-stage bone-added osteotome sinus floor elevation procedure (BAOSFE) with simultaneous implant placement; 2-stage BAOSFE with delayed implant placement; 1-stage lateral window sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement; and 2-stage lateral window sinus floor elevation with delayed implant placement. Patients were followed for 18 to 72 months (mean: 52.

Correction to: Matrix metalloproteinase 9 induces endothelial-mesenchymal transition via Notch activation in human kidney glomerular endothelial cells.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Grafted bone remodeling following transcrestal sinus floor elevation: A cone-beam computed tomography study.

Background: Transcrestal sinus floor elevation is a reliable procedure when additional bone height is needed for maxillary implant placement. However, the grafted bone undergoes remodeling and the dimensional stability of grafted bone height may be affected by several clinical factors, including graft material, sinus anatomy and the morphology of grafted space.

Methods: This retrospective study examined patients who had undergone transcrestal sinus floor elevation with synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate and single implant placement.

Indirectly Activated Treg Allow Dominant Tolerance to Murine Skin-grafts Across an MHC Class I Mismatch After a Single Donor-specific Transfusion.

Background: Tolerance induced in stringent animal transplant models using donor-specific transfusions (DST) has previously required additional immunological manipulation. Here, we demonstrate a dominant skin-allograft tolerance model induced by a single DST across an major histocompatibility class I mismatch in an unmanipulated B6 host.

Methods: C57BL/6 (H-2) (B6) mice were injected intravenously with splenocytes from B6.

Cone-beam computed tomography assessment of Schneiderian membranes: Non-infected and infected membranes, and membrane resolution following tooth extraction: A retrospective clinical trial.

Background: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) presurgical assessment on the maxillary sinus can reduce the possibility of Schneiderian membrane perforation. This study examined Schneiderian membrane thickness (SMT) and its relationship with neighboring hard tissues for patients with and without membrane thickening. For patients with sinus infections, we evaluated dimensional changes of the SMT post-extraction relative to pre-extraction SMT and residual bone height (RBH).

Regulatory innate lymphoid cells suppress innate immunity and reduce renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Innate lymphoid cells are a recently recognized group of immune cells with critical roles in tissue homeostasis and inflammation. Regulatory innate lymphoid cells are a newly identified subset of innate lymphoid cells, which play a suppressive role in the innate immune response, favoring the resolution of intestinal inflammation. However, the expression and role of regulatory innate lymphoid cells in kidney has not been reported.

Promotion of β-catenin/Foxo1 signaling ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis.

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is the key cytokine involved in causing fibrosis through cross-talk with major profibrotic pathways. However, inhibition of TGF-β to prevent fibrosis would also abrogate its anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects. β-catenin is a common co-factor in most TGF-β signaling pathways.

Dendritic cell-targeted CD40 DNA vaccine suppresses Th17 and ameliorates progression of experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis.

The CD40-CD40L costimulatory pathway is critical for T cell activation in autoimmune disease. We have previously found that blocking the CD40-CD40L pathway using a dendritic cell-targeted CD40 DNA (DEC-CD40) vaccine prevented the development of Heymann nephritis. In this study, we explored the effect of a DEC-CD40 vaccine in the treatment of experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis (EAG), an animal model of human Goodpasture's disease induced by antigen α3IV-NC1.

Flt3 inhibition alleviates chronic kidney disease by suppressing CD103+ dendritic cell-mediated T cell activation.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, which lacks effective treatment. Previously, we have shown that CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) are pathogenic in adriamycin nephropathy (AN), a model of human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) is a receptor that is expressed with high specificity on tissue resident CD103+ DCs.

Potentiating Tissue-Resident Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells by IL-33 to Prevent Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

The IL-33-type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) axis has an important role in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and wound healing. However, the relative importance of this innate immune pathway for immunotherapy against inflammation and tissue damage remains unclear. Here, we show that treatment with recombinant mouse IL-33 prevented renal structural and functional injury and reduced mortality in mice subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).

Age-associated alteration in Th17 cell response is related to endothelial cell senescence and atherosclerotic cerebral infarction.

T-helper 17 (Th17) cells produce Interleukin-17 (IL-17) that plays an important role in host-defense. However, little is known whether aging affects the functions of human Th17 cells. In this study, we examine age-associated alteration in Th17-cell response; correlation between Th17-cells and endothelial cell senescence; and the occurrence of acute cerebral infarction (ACI).

Redirecting TGF- Signaling through the -Catenin/Foxo Complex Prevents Kidney Fibrosis.

TGF- is a key profibrotic factor, but targeting TGF- to prevent fibrosis also abolishes its protective anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that we can redirect TGF- signaling by preventing downstream profibrotic interaction of -catenin with T cell factor (TCF), thereby enhancing the interaction of -catenin with Foxo, a transcription factor that controls differentiation of TGF- induced regulatory T cells (iTregs), and thus, enhance anti-inflammatory effects of TGF- In iTregs derived from EL4 T cells treated with recombinant human TGF-1 (rhTGF-1) , inhibition of -catenin/TCF transcription with ICG-001 increased Foxp3 expression, interaction of -catenin and Foxo1, binding of Foxo1 to the Foxp3 promoter, and Foxo transcriptional activity. Moreover, the level of -catenin expression positively correlated with the level of Foxo1 binding to the Foxp3 promoter and Foxo transcriptional activity.

Evaluation of the Mandibular Lingual Canal and Anterior Loop Length to Minimize Complications Associated With Anterior Mandibular Surgeries: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study.

Purpose: This retrospective study evaluated the localization, incidence, and dimensions of the mandibular lingual canal and the anterior loop in the Taiwanese population using the simulation and visual interpretation of cone-beam computed tomography to minimize complications during symphysis block surgical procedures.

Materials And Methods: The sample population consisted of 215 patients (105 men and 110 women; mean age, 57 yr). The median lingual canal, symphysis bone thickness, and anterior loop length were defined and calculated using cone-beam computed tomography and 3-dimensional reconstructed images.